Current trends in the use of human serum albumin for drug delivery in cancer

Albumin-Modified Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Radiosensitizers for Enhancing Lung Cancer Radiotherapy

“…Their accumulation in the tumors can be attributed to the effective interaction of albumin with gp60 receptor and SPARC, which promotes the local concentration of loaded albumin nanocarriers in tumors while providing nutrients and energy to facilitate the rapid proliferation of tumor cells. 34 , 50 , 51 In addition, some research also suggests that Alb-NPs might act as an inducer of Alb-binding protein aggregation due to their ability to bind and cross-link to multiple receptors. 34 Therefore, the Alb-modified nanoplatform exhibits good tumor-targeted drug delivery.…”

“…As the most abundant plasma protein, HSA has found an increasingly wide range of applications as an ideal drug delivery carrier, and it can isolate inorganic ions through biomineralization in an alkaline environment to form protein-coated metal oxide nanoclusters. [48][49][50] Considering the possibility of late clinical switching and clinical application, we selected HSA for coating the modification of GNPs, but not bovine serum albumin (BSA), although they share 75.6% of sequence identity. And compared with HSA, intravenous injection of BSA may cause mild immune response.…”

Next generation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents for cancer treatment

“…27 (1) Strong π-π stacking interactions with aromatic amino acid residues of various blood proteins; (2) Uptake by cancer cells which overexpressed on the cell membrane surface. 75 Liposomes (1) Can be targeted to specific cells 3,84,108 ; (2) Low toxic and biocompatible 86,108 ;…”

Developing an Anticancer Platinum(II) Compound Based on the Uniqueness of Human Serum Albumin

“…The second issue is the selective accumulation of most Pt­(II) compounds in cancer cells. In the past several decades, human serum albumin (HSA)one of the most promising drug carrierswas extensively studied to solve problems with drug delivery and improve its targeting ability in vivo due to the following unique properties: − (1) HSA is the most abundant endogenous protein in plasma that is nontoxic, nonantigenic, biodegradable, and patient-tolerant; (2) There are larger gaps (approx. ≥200 nm) between the endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels compared to normal blood vessels, while HSA has an effective diameter of approximately 7.2 nm and can accumulate in tumor tissues through an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect; (3) HSA can bind to the gp60 receptor, which is highly expressed on the surface of tumor vascular endothelial cells, further activates caveolin-1 to form a vesicle and effectively penetrates tumor vascular endothelial cells to reach the tumor cell space; (4) HSA can specifically bind to the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which is highly expressed and secreted on the surface of many cancer cells and then absorbed by tumor cells through the endocytosis mechanism; (5) HSA not only has many active residues that can bind to drugs through chemical linkers but also has several binding sites in its three subdomains, so drugs can directly bind to HSA to form an HSA–drug complex delivery system. − Thus, we can rationally design HSA to deliver the Pt­(II) compound to overcome the aforementioned challenges.…”