Current Trends in the Pharmacotherapy of Cataracts

Heruye, Segewkal; Nkenyi, Leonce N Maffofou; Singh, Neetu U; Yalzadeh, Dariush; Ngele, Kalu K.; Njie-Mbye, Ya-Fatou; Ohia, Sunny E.; Opere, Catherine A.

doi:10.37247/up.1.2020.4

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…In Sprague-Dawley rats with Dexamethasone (5 µM) induced cataract, N-acetylcysteine amide elevated the GSH/GSSG ratio in the lenses, limiting the lipid peroxidation [16]. In other experimental studies, the benefic effect of carotenoids was explained by increasing the antioxidant defence in the eyes, but, interesting, only in H2O2 induced cataract, lutein didn't mitigate the low level of GSH [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The ocular protective effects of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with lutein, in fat diet Wistar rats, treated with sistemic glucocorticoids

Dinu¹,

Pharmacy²,

Vîrgolici³

et al. 2020

Ro J Med Pract.

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Introduction. The carotene lutein is found in ocular layers and has powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. Posterior subcapsular cataract develops after prolonged glucocorticoid use. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) is one of the most successfully developed biodegradable polymer used as antioxidant delivery system. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ocular protective effects of PLGA-NPs loaded with lutein, in Wistar rats, on fat diet, treated with systemic glucocorticoids. Materials and methods. Healty Wistar male rats (n= 25, 12 months aged) were divided in 5 equal groups. the control group (S) with standard diet and no treatment and groups with Prednison treatment (1 mg/kg body weight), with and without PLGA-NPs loaded with lutein (1 mg/kg body weight), fed either with standard or fat diet. The duration of treatment was 6 weeks and it was done by gavaje. The eye examination was done by two ophtalmologists as a blind test and photos of the eyes were made. Serum metabolic parameters were measured. The rats treated with Prednison developed cataract and uveitis and the most severe injured eye was observed in the group with high caloric fat diet and no lutein as a supplement. Also, Prednison treatment produced dysglycaemia and dyslipidemia. The co-administration of lutein as PLGA-NPs with Prednison prevented the lens, retina and choroidal injuries, reduced the increased levels of glycaemia, triglyceridemia and increased the serum total antioxidant capacity. Conclusion. The PLGA lutein nanoparticles assured global eye protection, reducing the ocular side effects of prednison.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In animal models, for cataract screening, researchers have been used in vivo and in vitro (incubated lenses) experiments with triggers like: sel-enite, naphthalene, H₂O₂, etc [10]. In the present experimental study, Prednison was given by gavaje, for 6 weeks, in Wistar rats with two types of diet, standard and obesogenic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ocular protective effects of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with lutein, in fat diet Wistar rats, treated with sistemic glucocorticoids

Dinu¹,

Pharmacy²,

Vîrgolici³

et al. 2020

Ro J Med Pract.

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“…In this regard, a number of methods to deliver these molecules to the lens, such as phytosomes, liposomes and phospholipid conjugation, have shown some promise and have been reviewed recently. 117 However, the ability of these delivery systems to penetrate the transport barriers within the aging lens have yet to be tested. More recently, nanovesicles have emerged as system to deliver therapeutics peptides.…”

Section: Future Therapeutic Strategies To Prevent Lens Cataractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus in addition to improving the delivery of these antioxidants to the lens nucleus, techniques are required to enhance the stability and bioavailability of antioxidants that are being delivered. In this regard, a number of methods to deliver these molecules to the lens, such as phytosomes, liposomes and phospholipid conjugation, have shown some promise and have been reviewed recently 117 . However, the ability of these delivery systems to penetrate the transport barriers within the aging lens have yet to be tested.…”

Section: Future Therapeutic Strategies To Prevent Lens Cataractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐dependent changes in glutathione metabolism pathways in the lens: New insights into therapeutic strategies to prevent cataract formation—A review

Lim

Grey

Zahraei

et al. 2020

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Ocular tissues possess a robust antioxidant defence system to minimize oxidative stress and preserve tissue structure and function. Glutathione (GSH) is a powerful antioxidant and in the lens exists at unusually high concentrations. However, with advancing age, GSH levels deplete specifically in the lens centre initiating a chain of biochemical events that ultimately result in protein aggregation, light scattering and age-related nuclear cataract. However, antioxidant supplementation has been shown to be ineffective in preventing or delaying cataract indicating that a better understanding of the delivery, uptake and metabolism of GSH in the different regions of the lens is required. This information is essential for the development of scientifically informed approaches that target the delivery of GSH to the lens nucleus, the region of the lens most affected by age-related cataract.

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“…Because of its antioxidative and detoxifying functions, GSH is used as a medicine for cataract treatment [11], antidote [12] and additive in the food and cosmetic industries [13,14]. However, exogenous GSH administration does not increase intracellular GSH levels in age-related disorders and chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, diabetes and fibrosis, as the ability to ensure homeostatic regulation of the GSH level is decreased in these disorders and diseases [3,15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Reactivity of γ‐glutamyl‐cysteine with intracellular and extracellular glutathione metabolic enzymes

et al. 2021

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Gamma-glutamyl-cysteine (c-EC) is a precursor of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. We investigated whether it functions as a substrate for three intracellular and one extracellular GSH metabolic enzymes, which mediate the antioxidant defence function of GSH. Among them, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and c-glutamyl transferase (GGT) exhibited substrate specificity for c-EC, whereas glutathione reductase did not. The specificities of c-EC and its disulphide form to GGT were comparable to GSH and its oxidized form, GSSG respectively. These results indicate that they can supply GSH constituent amino acids, glutamate, cysteine and cystine through degradation by GGT. c-EC may contribute valuable antioxidant defence properties as a food and cosmetic additive.

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Current Trends in the Pharmacotherapy of Cataracts

Cited by 15 publications

References 130 publications

The ocular protective effects of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with lutein, in fat diet Wistar rats, treated with sistemic glucocorticoids

The ocular protective effects of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with lutein, in fat diet Wistar rats, treated with sistemic glucocorticoids

Age‐dependent changes in glutathione metabolism pathways in the lens: New insights into therapeutic strategies to prevent cataract formation—A review

Reactivity of γ‐glutamyl‐cysteine with intracellular and extracellular glutathione metabolic enzymes

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