BACKGROUND It is estimated that, in 2019, 73,820 new cases of kidney cancer will be diagnosed in the United States, resulting in 14,770 new deaths (1). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for approximately 9 out of 10 kidney cancers (2). Owing to the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging and improving life expectancies, the incidence rates of RCC have substantially increased in developed countries over the past 20 years (3). More than 50% of RCCs are detected incidentally on noninvasive imaging (4). Most of these incidentally detected masses are small and localized within the renal capsule. These small renal masses, measuring <4cm (stage T1a), account for 48%-66% of all RCCs (5). In contrast, metastatic RCC accounts for about 17% of all RCCs at diagnosis (6). For small (4 cm in diameter) renal tumors, treatment options have traditionally included active surveillance, radical nephrectomy (RN), and nephron-sparing partial nephrectomy (PN). Nephron-sparing therapies have become popular to preserve renal function, particularly since oncologic outcomes from PN are equal to those from RN, thus making PN widely accepted as the standard of care for the management of clinically localized RCC (7-12). However, many patients are not candidates for surgery. For these patients, percutaneous image-guided ablation (radiofrequency [RF] ablation), cryoablation, and microwave (MW) ablation are available as validated options for tumor control. These have been established as important management options and are recommended by multiple societal guidelines (Appendix A [available online on the article's Supplemental Material page at www.jvir.org]), both nationally and internationally. In this document, the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) states its position on the use of ablation for the management of RCC, with a focus on small renal masses, biopsy, and cases of oligometastatic disease. An Executive Summary of recommendations in this document may be found in Appendix B