“…Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been widely applied to achieve a molecular-level understanding of lipid membranes (Hollingsworth and Dror 2018, Róg et al 2021, Watkins 2023), ranging from one-component systems to complex, multi-component membranes with and without membrane proteins (Chavent et al 2016). In all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Newtonꞌs equations are solved for all atoms in the system to calculate the trajectories of all atoms over time (Abraham et al 2015).…”