Current treatment, particle radiotherapy, and boron neutron capture therapy for advanced oral cancer in patients

Abstract

Malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant salivary gland tumor, mucosal melanoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma occur in the oral cavity. Among them, oral SCC accounts for 90%. The frequency of lymph node metastasis of oral SCC varies depending on the site of occurrence, which affects the prognosis. Surgery is the primary treatment for oral cancer, but when the tumor extends, postoperative radiation with or without chemotherapy is required. Photons including X-rays and γ-rays are the most widely used types of ionizing radiation in cancer radiotherapy. Particle radiotherapy using protons and carbon ions shows a highly focused dose distribution to tumor tissues. Carbon ion therapy is effective for salivary gland tumors, malignant melanomas, and sarcomas which are less susceptible to photons. Furthermore, boron neutron capture therapy with tumor selectivity is expected to further reduce damage to surrounding normal cells. The introduction of novel radiotherapy to current treatment might improve the prognosis of patients and organ preservation. K E Y W O R D S chemotherapy, oral cancer, particle radiotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery How to cite this article: Yura Y, Tada S, Fujita Y, Hamada M. Current treatment, particle radiotherapy, and boron neutron capture therapy for advanced oral cancer in patients. Oral Sci Int. 2019;16:49-68. https://doi.

Inhibitors of Ceramide- and Sphingosine-Metabolizing Enzymes as Sensitizers in Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…A characteristic of treatment for HNSCC is the application of photon radiotherapy with gamma rays and X-rays. Although it is possible to irradiate a high dose of 6-13 Gy equivalent in particle radiotherapy using proton or carbon beams [204,205], each irradiation dose in fractionated X-ray radiotherapy for head and neck cancer is usually 2 Gy [206]. Previous studies reported that ceramide production in tumors and tumor vessels was low at an irradiation dose of 2 Gy [99,207].…”

Oral Immune-Related Adverse Events Caused by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Salivary Gland Dysfunction and Mucosal Diseases

“…Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are FDA-approved anti-PD-1 antibodies against HNSCC [1]. In resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma in HNSCC, radical resection and reconstructive surgery are usually performed, although radical cure by heavy ion radiotherapy has been Cancers 2022, 14, 792 2 of 25 also attempted [2][3][4][5]. If risk factors for recurrence are confirmed after surgery, additional chemoradiotherapy is given [6].…”