Current Treatment of Selected Pediatric Sleep Disorders

Sullivan, Shannon

doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0149-2

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Common side effects of modafinil/armodafinil include headache, nausea, vomiting, and red or purple skin rash that gradually spreads (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), which has been reported only in one case [74]. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction that develops from few days to weeks after beginning the therapy.…”

Section: Modafinil and Armodafinilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcolepsy treatment: pharmacological and behavioral strategies in adults and children

et al. 2019

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Narcolepsy is a disabling, rare, and chronic sleep disorder, currently classified as distinct central nervous system hypersomnia in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (NT2). Although today a reliable pathogenic hypothesis identifies the cause of NT1 as an autoimmune process destroying hypocretin-producing cells, there is no cure for narcolepsy, and the symptomatic pharmacological available treatments are not entirely effective for all symptoms. Behavioral therapies play a synergistic role in the disease treatment. We here review the available therapeutic options for narcolepsy, including symptomatic pharmacological treatments as well as behavioral and psychosocial interventions that could help clinicians improve the quality of life of patients with narcolepsy in adulthood and childhood.

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Section: Modafinil and Armodafinilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcolepsy treatment: pharmacological and behavioral strategies in adults and children

et al. 2019

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“…Methylphenidate may lower drug abuse liability in ADHD patients, but it may also lead to similar behavioral rigidity and increase the risk for addictive or obsessive-compulsive behaviors by affecting glutamatergic signaling (27,28). Another example of nootropic that has been under great scrutiny in the scientific community is modafinil, a compound structurally similar to methylphenidate and currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness in adults and children (29), and shift-work disorder. The effects of modafinil on alertness and wakefulness in healthy individuals who are not sleep-deprived, and its military applications (30), has led to its use as a cognitive enhancer.…”

Section: What Ethical Boundaries Should Be Outlined?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Human Enhancement: An Overview of the Looming Bioethical and Regulatory Challenges

Ricci

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Cognitive enhancement, a rather broad-ranging principle, can be achieved in various ways: healthy eating and consistent physical exercise can lead to long-term improvements in many cognitive domains; commonplace stimulants such as caffeine, on the other hand, temporarily raise levels of alertness, attentiveness, and concentration; sedative substances are also used as an indirect form of enhancement to relax before an exam or an important meeting. Such approaches raise no ethical issue. Nonetheless, clinical research has led to the off-label use of drugs called nootropics or "smart drugs", which can, under certain conditions, elicit some degree of cognition-improving effects: methylphenidate and modafinil can enhance working memory and concentration in healthy individuals, although the significance and effectiveness of such applications are dubious. Such "cognitive enhancement" methods, however, do raise multiple ethical issues, and their contentious nature has caused bioethical authorities to lay out opinions and recommendations meant to regulate their use. Most notably, the Italian Committee on Bioethics has extensively dealt with the spread of nootropics, which resulted in the Italian Code of Medical Ethics including "cognitive enhancement" drugs and their prescription by doctors as critical points, along with cosmetic surgery (the latest version of the Code, updated in December 2017, deals with the two separately, in Article 76 and 76 BIS). The United States Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues broadened the scope of cognitive enhancement techniques so as to include neural modifiers, i.e. mechanisms of brain and nervous system change: a much wider array of interventions, technologies, behaviors, and environmental conditions that may potentially affect several aspects of the human brain and nervous system. The potential of neuroscience to profoundly reshape society is nothing short of mind-blowing.

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“…The incidence peaks between 2 and 6 years of age, and numerous underlying factors contribute to OSA . OSA is considered on the most severe end of the spectrum of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), which also includes primary snoring and upper airway resistance syndrome . OSA is defined as episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction that disrupt the normal sleep architecture and normal ventilation patterns .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New treatments for obstructive sleep apnea in children

Oguh

Elden

Swanson

et al. 2020

Pediatric Anesthesia

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a prevalence of up to 5% in children and 50% in obese children. OSA is associated with various comorbidities in the general population and in the perioperative period. In this review, we will provide background of OSA and insights into the available treatment options both surgically and medically. Unlike adults, most pediatric OSA is treated with adenotonsillectomy. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is the commonly used medical treatment. Management of pediatric OSA is multidisciplinary. We will discuss the surgical options and medical options of managing pediatric OSA.

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Current Treatment of Selected Pediatric Sleep Disorders

Cited by 11 publications

References 109 publications

Narcolepsy treatment: pharmacological and behavioral strategies in adults and children

Narcolepsy treatment: pharmacological and behavioral strategies in adults and children

Pharmacological Human Enhancement: An Overview of the Looming Bioethical and Regulatory Challenges

New treatments for obstructive sleep apnea in children

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