Current–Time Characteristics of Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Blair, Steven M.; Booth, Campbell; Burt, Graeme

doi:10.1109/tasc.2012.2187291

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Starting with the 1D analysis, despite than these models cannot give account of the electromagnetic or thermal response inside of the elements conforming a SFCL, neither study their detailed structure, the SFCL can be simulated into an equivalent electrical circuit dealing with all kinds of short-circuit failures, as a single non linear resistor obeying the E − J power law, E = E 0 · (J/Jc) n , for describing the superconducting state. Into this framework, most of the models have been developed in terms of the time-domain transient analysis method, customarily embedded by simulation packages such as: ATP/EMTP [39], PSCAD/EMTDC [40], and MATLAB/Simulink [41]. Proprietary packages with onpurpose advanced features for thermal transient analysis have been also developed under this scheme [42]- [43].…”

Section: Numerical Models and Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters: Concepts, Materials, and Numerical Modeling

Ruiz

Zhang

Coombs

2015

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Abstract-In recent years, major industrialized countries have began to be concerned about the need for developing strategies on the integration and protection of the growing power capacity of renewable source energies, attracting back their interest on the development and understanding of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL). The reasons for this are simple: a SFCL may offer a rapid, reliable and effective current limitation, with zero impedance during normal operation, and an automatic recovery after the fault. Nowadays, most of the R&D projects have turned towards to the study of the resistive type SFCL due to their potential to be small, and the likely decrease in price of 2G coated conductors. Thus, in this paper we provide an updated review on the state of the art of resistive type SFCL, emphasizing on the different approaches for the numerical modelling of their local physical properties, as well as on the already tested experimental concepts. Comparison between the properties and characteristics of different resistive-type SFCL using different superconducting materials is presented.

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Section: Numerical Models and Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters: Concepts, Materials, and Numerical Modeling

Ruiz

Zhang

Coombs

2015

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…However, in order to attain a more precise validation of the SFCL protection scheme regarding safety operation and power stability conditions, the recovery time of the SFCL cannot be assumed as an ad hoc parameter. Therefore, besides the exponential model, we have also studied the impact of considering the temperature dependence of the flux-creep and flux-flow regimes describing the time-dependent quench of the superconducting material, such that the averaged instantaneous temperature of the SFCL, T (t), can be calculated by solving the classical heat transfer equation [21]. Theis thermal subsystem is then coupled to the electrical module of the power system, as a temperature dependent E − J power law of similar structure to the one proposed by Lacroix and Sirois in Ref.…”

Section: Power System Configuration and Sfcl Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal location and minimum number of superconducting fault current limiters for the protection of power grids

Zhang

Geng

Coombs

2017

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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This paper presents a novel method to determine the optimal strategy for the allocation of multiple resistive superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) aiming to improve the overall protection of standard power grids. The presented approach allows for the straightforward determination of the optimal resistance of the SFCL, accounting for short circuit events occurring at different locations, by modelling the electro-thermal properties of the SFCL via a temperature dependent E-J power law. This material law, based on previous experimental evidence, allows for the introduction of flux pinning, flux creep, and flux flow properties of the superconducting material within a minimum level of complexity. Thereby, we have observed a distinctive kink pattern in the current limiting profiles of the SFCLs, from which no further reduction of the first peak of the fault current is achieved when a greater resistance is considered, allowing a univocal determination of the optimum SFCL resistance. This peculiarity is not observed when the model for the quench properties of the SFCL is simplified towards an exponential resistance, although the last can be used as an auxiliary process for addressing the first guess on the resistance value required for a specific strategy, as it demands less computing time. We have also determined that for many of the cases studied, i.e, for the combinations between one or more SFCLs installed at different locations, and those subjected to fault events located at different points in the network, the recovery time of the superconducting properties of at least one of the SFCLs can last for more than five minutes, constraining the feasibility of a large-scale deployment of this technology. However, by assuming that the practical operation of the SFCL is assisted by the automatic operation of a bypass switch when the SC material is fully quenched, we have determined that the optimal strategy for the overall protection of power grids of standard topology requires a maximum of three SFCLs, with recovery times of less than a few seconds. This information is of remarkable value for power system operators, as it can establish a maximum investment threshold which ultimately can facilitate making decisions regarding the deployment of SFCL technologies.

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“…However, the reductions in SFCL weight which are required to increase power density ratings from ≈ 4 kW/kg of TRL 5-6 devices in 2013 to the 4000 kW/kg mentioned in the same study 39 , imply that SFCLs are not likely to feature in any FMS for N+1 or N+2 aircraft. Whilst naval SFCLs currently under development 40,41 are expected to reduce weight and volume compared to terrestrial systems, it is expected that this technology will need to be developed and demonstrated in naval systems before being adapted and further reduced in size for a hybrid aircraft.…”

Section: Power Density Of Sfclsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Key Design Constraints on Fault Management Strategies for Distributed Electrical Propulsion Aircraft

Flynn¹,

Jones²,

Rakhra³

et al. 2017

53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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Electrically driven distributed propulsion has been presented as a possible solution to reduce aircraft noise and emissions, despite increasing global levels of air travel. In order to realise electrical propulsion, novel aircraft electrical systems are required. Since the electrical system must maintain security of power supply to the motors during flight, the protection devices employed on an electrical propulsion aircraft will form a crucial part of system design. However, electrical protection for complex aircraft electrical systems poses a number of challenges, particularly with regard to the weight, volume and efficiency constraints specific to aerospace applications. Furthermore, electrical systems will need to operate at higher power levels and incorporate new technologies, many of which are unproven at altitude and in the harsh aircraft environment. Therefore, today's commercially available aerospace protection technologies are likely to require significant development before they can be considered as part of a fault management strategy for a next generation aircraft. By mapping the protection device trade space based on published literature to date, the discrepancy between the current status of protection devices and the target specifications can be identified for a given time frame. This paper will describe a process of electrical network design that is driven by the protection system requirements, incorporates key technology constraints and analyses the protection device trade space to derive feasible fault management strategies.

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Current–Time Characteristics of Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters: Concepts, Materials, and Numerical Modeling

Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters: Concepts, Materials, and Numerical Modeling

Optimal location and minimum number of superconducting fault current limiters for the protection of power grids

Impact of Key Design Constraints on Fault Management Strategies for Distributed Electrical Propulsion Aircraft

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