Current Therapy in CKD Patients Can Affect Vitamin K Status

Cozzolino, Mario; Cianciolo, Giuseppe; Podestà, Manuel Alfredo; Ciceri, Paola; Galassi, Andrea; Gasperoni, Lorenzo

doi:10.3390/nu12061609

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Subclinical vitamin K deficiency often founds in CKD patients may be related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in this population [26]. The deficiency of vitamin K is characterized by low levels of circulating vitamin K and high inactive VKDP [3].…”

Section: Vitamin K and Chronic Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Role of Vitamin K—With Particular Emphasis on Cardiovascular and Renal Aspects

Stępień

Koziarska-Rościszewska

Rysz

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Vitamin K (VK) plays many important functions in the body. The most important of them include the contribution in calcium homeostasis and anticoagulation. Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the most important mechanisms of renal pathology. The most potent inhibitor of this process—matrix Gla protein (MGP) is VK-dependent. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, both non-dialysed and hemodialysed, often have VK deficiency. Elevated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) levels indirectly reflected VK deficiency and are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events in these patients. It has been suggested that VK intake may reduce the VC and related cardiovascular risk. Vitamin K intake has been suggested to reduce VC and the associated cardiovascular risk. The role and possibility of VK supplementation as well as the impact of anticoagulation therapy on VK deficiency in CKD patients is discussed.

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Section: Vitamin K and Chronic Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Role of Vitamin K—With Particular Emphasis on Cardiovascular and Renal Aspects

Stępień

Koziarska-Rościszewska

Rysz

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…Although various experiments have shown the positive effect of vitamin K dosage in preventing vascular calcification, its role is poorly understood in CKD and dialysis cohorts [51]. Hence, more epidemiological and experimental studies need to be carried out to entrench the function of vitamin K supplementation in cardiovascular health.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseases (Cvds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K2: An emerging essential nutraceutical and its market potential

Sunita¹,

Gupta²,

S³

et al. 2022

J Appl Biol Biotech

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Vitamin K has recently gained importance as a potential therapeutic agent beyond blood coagulation. Vitamin K2 is found to be a superior nutrient supplement than K1. K1 is mainly obtained from leafy vegetables, whereas K2 is sourced from fermented products and gut microbiota. However, in contrast to other fat-soluble vitamins, body does not accumulate vitamin K and depends on K cycle for its effective use. Vitamin K2 regulates body calcium metabolism. An insufficient vitamin K2 dose increases the risk of osteoporosis, bone fractures, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite a lot of available literature and also approval by safety regulatory bodies, including Food and Drug Administratio (FDA), its awareness among healthcare professionals and general public is still poor. This understudied nutrient has gained a lot of attention in the market because of its multifaceted role in disease management. Aggressive competition within key sellers is one of the critical factors, which expeditiously upsurge the market growth of vitamin K. The rapid increase in patent applications during the last decade reflects its worldwide recognition as an emerging nutraceutical and hence its future market potential.

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“…It is hypothesized that the deficiency of vitamin K and their reduced carboxylation may lead both to bone metabolism impairment and increase in vascular calcification. Indeed, when vitamin K status is deficient, the undercarboxylated (uc) VKDPs are unable to bind calcium ions, thus allowing coagulation factors (protein induced by vitamin K absence II: PIVKA-II), OC, and MGP to interact with negatively charged phospholipid membranes [ 9 ].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Vitamin K Actions and Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vitamin K in CKD-MBD

Fusaro

Tondolo

Gasperoni

et al. 2022

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Purpose of Review We describe the mechanism of action of vitamin K, and its implication in cardiovascular disease, bone fractures, and inflammation to underline its protective role, especially in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent Findings Vitamin K acts as a coenzyme of y-glutamyl carboxylase, transforming undercarboxylated in carboxylated vitamin K-dependent proteins. Furthermore, through the binding of the nuclear steroid and xenobiotic receptor, it activates the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in the maintenance of bone quality and bone remodeling. There are three main types of K vitamers: phylloquinone, menaquinones, and menadione. Summary CKD patients, for several conditions typical of the disease, are characterized by lower levels of vitamin K than the general populations, with a resulting higher prevalence of bone fractures, vascular calcifications, and mortality. Therefore, the definition of vitamin K dosage is an important issue, potentially leading to reduced bone fractures and improved vascular calcifications in the general population and CKD patients.

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Current Therapy in CKD Patients Can Affect Vitamin K Status

Cited by 14 publications

References 104 publications

Biological Role of Vitamin K—With Particular Emphasis on Cardiovascular and Renal Aspects

Biological Role of Vitamin K—With Particular Emphasis on Cardiovascular and Renal Aspects

Vitamin K2: An emerging essential nutraceutical and its market potential

The Role of Vitamin K in CKD-MBD

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