Current therapy and development of therapeutic agents for lung cancer

PD-1 signaling negatively regulates the common cytokine receptor γ chain via MARCH5-mediated ubiquitination and degradation to suppress anti-tumor immunity

“…Several types of immunotherapy, such as oncolytic viruses, cytokines, adoptive cell transfer and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have obtained durable clinical responses. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] At the forefront of clinical cancer immunotherapy is immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1 of the coinhibitory signaling pathways are evolved to control the magnitude and duration of T cell responses to limit tissue damage and maintain self-tolerance under physiological and pathological conditions.…”

PD-1-mediated inhibition of T cell activation: Mechanisms and strategies for cancer combination immunotherapy

“…Immunotherapy is a monumental breakthrough in cancer treatment, which aims to boost natural defenses to eliminate malignant cells ( Waldman et al, 2020 ). In various types of immunotherapy, such as oncolytic viruses, cytokines, adoptive cell transfer and so on, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is at the forefront of clinical cancer immunotherapy ( Andtbacka et al, 2015 ; Brahmer et al, 2012 ; Lin et al, 2022 ; Rosenberg et al, 1985a ; Rosenberg et al, 1985b ; Rosenberg & Restifo, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2022 ; Yi et al, 2022 ). James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018 for the discovery of treating cancer by suppressing negative immune regulation ( Ishida et al, 1992 ; Leach et al, 1996 ).…”

Tumor suppressor PTEN regulation by tobacco smoke in lung squamous-cell carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis

“…Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, about 85%) accounts for the largest proportion of all lung cancer cases. NSCLC is subdivided into lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous-cell cancer (LUSC), large cell carcinoma, and mixed histotype, the largest proportion of which is occupied by LUAD (about 40%) and LUSC (about 30%) [ 2 ]. It is well known that among all risk factors for all histological types of lung cancer, smoking is the most important.…”

“…Moreover, never-smokers and smokers with lung cancer show significant differences in treatment responses [ 4 ]. Molecular targeted therapies based on genomic profiling are currently widely used in a subgroup of never smoking young LUAD patients [ 2 ]. Sensitive molecular biomarkers and molecular targets for therapy have not yet been identified for LUSC.…”