Current Studies of Treating Processes for Nickel Laterite Ores

Wang, Xiaoping; Sun, Tao; Chen, Chao; Hu, Tianliang

doi:10.2991/icmeit-17.2017.27

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For example, the addition of sulfur in the reduction roasting of limonite ore was reported to be useful in increasing the average ferronickel particle size. On the other hand, the addition of sulfur to a saprolite ore caused a decrease in the average ferronickel particle size [43]. Therefore, ore characteristics should be considered in the selection of additive.…”

Section: Reduction Roasting-magnetic Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction roasting-magnetic separation process is expected to remain one of the research hotspots in the treatment of laterites, as it is environmentally friendly and economical, although the nature of roasting and the large variability of the composition of laterites somehow limit its industrial application to a certain extent [42,43].…”

Section: Summary Of the Pyrometallurgical Nickel Extraction Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples of Recent Possible Modifications to the Conventional Route

Keskinkilic

2019

Metals

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The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and smelting—followed by further refining for the removal of impurities from the raw ferro-nickel. As indicated in many studies of the RKEF process, the major downside of this method is its high energy consumption. Efforts have been made to lower this consumption. Furthermore, several new processes have been proposed. Among these, low-grade ferro-nickel production is regarded as the most widely and industrially used process after traditional RKEF operation. Although not widespread, other alternative processes of industrial scale have been generated since the start of the millennium. Recently, certain innovative processes have been tested either in the laboratory or at pilot-scale. In this paper, a literature review related to the smelting of laterites is made, and an emphasis on new processes and some examples of new developments in the RKEF process are presented.

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Section: Reduction Roasting-magnetic Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of the Pyrometallurgical Nickel Extraction Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples of Recent Possible Modifications to the Conventional Route

Keskinkilic

2019

Metals

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“…There are several hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, and combined methods (such as atmospheric leaching, high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL), reductive roasting followed by ammonia leaching (Caron process), rotary kiln electric furnace process (RKEF or Elkem process) [6], direct reduction followed by magnetic separation process [7]) for extracting nickel from laterites since conventional mineral beneficiation techniques such as fine grinding or flotation are ineffective on these ores. However, hydrometallurgical processes require vast amounts of acid, while more than half of the known laterites are not convenient for the traditional pyrometallurgical processes due to their low Ni content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gördes Lateritinin CO Atmosferinde İzotermal Olmayan İndirgenme Kinetiği

Dilmaç

2021

International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences

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The growing demand for nickel metal and the depletion of high-grade sulfide ore reserves have turned the direction of industry towards laterites which are not desirable as the primary source due to their low Ni content and more energy-intensive processing. Thus, alternative routes are essential for effectively processing these ores while reducing the costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Solid-state reduction followed by magnetic separation is an attractive option for recovering the nickel in laterites. Hereby, this study analyzed the non-isothermal reduction kinetics of nickel laterite from Gördes (Manisa, Turkey) by CO at different heating rates of 20, 25, 30, 35, and 45 ºC/min. The activation energies were determined by Friedman (FR), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods, and the controlling mechanisms were determined by the Malek interpretation of the Sestak-Berggren Equation. The reduction process was divided into three stages which take place between "0 to 0.16", "0.16 to 0.45", and "0.45 to 0.7" reduction degrees respectively according to the kinetic analysis results. The first stage was determined to be interface reaction controlled (with "Ea" of 53 kJ/mol), while the second and third were determined to be mixed controlled (with "Ea" of 126 kJ/mol and 379 kJ/mol, respectively).

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