Current strategies in tailoring methods for engineered exosomes and future avenues in biomedical applications

Mishra, Ankita; Singh, Prerna; Qayoom, Irfan; Prasad, Abhay; Kumar, Ashok

doi:10.1039/d1tb01088c

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…At the same time, “click chemistry” also occurs under relatively mild experimental conditions, which reduce the damage to the structural integrity of EVs. [ 123 ] “Click chemistry” has become a widely concerned biological surface coupling method.…”

Section: The Evs‐biomaterials System In Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: Biology and Engineered Strategy

Pan

Sun

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), acting as an important ingredient of intercellular communication through paracrine actions, have gained tremendous attention in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Moreover, these nanosized extracellular particles (30-140 nm) can be incorporated into biomaterials according to different principles to facilitate signal delivery in various regenerative processes directly or indirectly. Bioactive biomaterials as the carrier will extend the retention time and realize the controlled release of EVs, which further enhance their therapeutic efficiency in tissue regeneration. Herein, the basic biological characteristics of EVs are first introduced, and then their outstanding performance in exerting direct impacts on target cells in tissue regeneration as well as indirect effects on promoting angiogenesis and regulating the immune environment, due to specific functional components of EVs (nucleic acid, protein, lipid, etc.), is emphasized. Furthermore, different design ideas for suitable EV-loaded biomaterials are also demonstrated. In the end, this review also highlights the engineered strategies, which aim at solving the problems related to natural EVs such as highly heterogeneous functions, inadequate tissue targeting capabilities, insufficient yield and scalability, etc., thus promoting the therapeutic pertinence and clinical potential of EV-based approaches in TE.

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Section: The Evs‐biomaterials System In Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: Biology and Engineered Strategy

Pan

Sun

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…Exosome surface modification can improve their targeting abilities, which can be mainly achieved by genetic engineering and chemical modification ( Salunkhe et al, 2020 ). Genetic engineering is effective for displaying genetically engineered proteins on the exosome surface, which requires exosome identification ( Wan et al, 2017 ; Mishra et al, 2021 ). A previous study showed that targeted peptides can be loaded onto the exosome surface by genetic engineering, which allows tissue specificity and improves efficacy ( Curley et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Preparation Of Engineered Stem Cell Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered stem cell exosomes for oral and maxillofacial wound healing

Hao

Duan²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Wound healing of the oral and maxillofacial area affects the quality of life and mental health of the patient; therefore, effective therapies are required to promote wound healing. However, traditional treatment methods have limited efficacy. Exosomes secreted by stem cells used for oral and maxillofacial wound healing have shown outstanding results. Stem cell-derived exosomes possess the regenerative and repair ability of stem cells. Moreover, they are nontumorigenic and have good biosafety. However, the application of natural stem cell exosomes is limited owing to their low yield, impurity, lack of targeting, and low drug delivery rate. Many modification methods have been developed to engineered stem cell exosomes with beneficial properties, such as modifying parent cells and directly processing stem cell exosomes. These methods include coincubation, genetic engineering, electroporation, ultrasound, and artificial synthesis of engineered stem cell exosomes. These engineered stem cell exosomes can cargo nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules. This gives them anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation regulatory abilities and enables the targeted promotion of efficient soft tissue repair after trauma. Engineered stem cell exosomes can decrease inflammation, promote fibroblast proliferation, and angiogenesis, and decrease scar formation to promote oral and maxillofacial wound healing, including diabetic and burn wounds. Thus, engineered stem cell exosomes are an effective treatment that has the potential for oral and maxillofacial wound healing.

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“…Apart from the role of exosomes in signal transduction and biomarker discovery, they can also be harnessed to be used as therapeutics in many diseases ( Cooper et al, 2014 ; Zhuang et al, 2011 ). The ability to cross blood–brain barrier (BBB), non-immunogenicity, the option of surface engineering, and selective cargo packaging make exosomes emerge as a blockbuster therapeutic option in many diseases ( Ghosh et al, 2020 ; Zhan et al, 2020 ; Mishra et al, 2021 ). The probable roles that can be played by exosomes are schematically summarized in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome: The “Off-the-Shelf” Cellular Nanocomponent as a Potential Pathogenic Agent, a Disease Biomarker, and Neurotherapeutics

Ghosh

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Exosomes are nanosized “off-the-shelf” lipid vesicles released by almost all cell types and play a significant role in cell–cell communication. Exosomes have already been proven to carry cell-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, miRNA, and noncoding RNA (ribonucleic acid). These vesicles can be selectively taken up by the neighboring cell and can regulate cellular functions. Herein, we have discussed three different roles of exosomes in neuroscience. First, we have discussed how exosomes play the role of a pathogenic agent as a part of cell–cell communication and transmit pathogens such as amyloid-beta (Aβ), further helping in the propagation of neurodegenerative and other neurological diseases. In the next section, the review talks about the role of exosomes in biomarker discovery in neurological disorders. Toward the end, we have reviewed how exosomes can be harnessed and engineered for therapeutic purposes in different brain diseases. This review is based on the current knowledge generated in this field and our comprehension of this domain.

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Current strategies in tailoring methods for engineered exosomes and future avenues in biomedical applications

Abstract: Exosomes are naturally occurring nanovesicles of endosomal origin, responsible for cellular communication. Depending on the cell type, exosomes display disparity in the cargo and are involved in up/down regulation of...

Cited by 30 publications

References 165 publications

Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: Biology and Engineered Strategy

Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: Biology and Engineered Strategy

Engineered stem cell exosomes for oral and maxillofacial wound healing

Exosome: The “Off-the-Shelf” Cellular Nanocomponent as a Potential Pathogenic Agent, a Disease Biomarker, and Neurotherapeutics

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