Current strategies for electrochemical detection of DNA with solid electrodes

Abstract

A review of current strategies aimed at detecting nucleic acids (NA) using NA-modified solid electrodes reveals the versatility and potential of electrochemical detection in this field. What emerged at the beginning of 90s as a very promising detection system in DNA technology is now resulting in the first commercial devices. Many aspects of the experimental design, for example surface immobilisation and detection schemes, are outlined and evaluated. Although most approaches use hybridisation as the recognition reaction, those not based on hybridisation are also included. As is finally shown, great advances have been achieved, although further developments are required if electrochemical devices are to be suitable for routine measurement.

Catalytic Voltammetric Determination of Cladribine in Biological Samples

“…This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the E 0 ' of the redox couple (II) agree with those obtained from other N9 substituted adenine parent compounds [11]. Although no chlorine atom could be electrochemically measured, we detected bromine and fluorine atoms after the oxidation of 2-bromo-cicloAMP [11] and fludarabine [18] respectively, which suggested that it is reasonable to think that chlorine atom can also be eliminated from the pyrimidine ring. That elimination has already been proposed for 2-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine [16].…”

Structured Nucleic Acid Probes for Electrochemical Devices

“…Although it is possible to carry out the selection of the aptamer (SELEX) using labeled oligonucleotides libraries to ensure the perfect binding of the aptamer selected to the analyte [92], label-free methods are highly desirable and are experiencing an important development with improved sensitivity [62].…”

“…Since then, an exponential number of electrochemical devices have appeared. The discussion will be focused on the latest improvements that have not been covered in previous reviews [61,62,65].…”

Electrochemical and Catalytic Properties of the Adenine Coenzymes FAD and Coenzyme A on Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes

“…This catalytic activity was attributed to the 2,8-dioxoadenine derivative with quinoneimine structure, generated after the electrochemical oxidation of the adenine moiety in the molecule. This structure is stabilized from nucleophilic attack by the bulk substituent in N9 position of the adenine [2].…”