Background: Discuss an appropriate strategy for treatment of invasive thymoma invading adjacent great vessels.Methods: A retrospective study on 25 patients with invasive thymoma invading neighboring great vessels was performed. The corresponding data including clinical presentation, operation procedure, adjuvant radiochemotherapy and follow-up were reviewed. Postoperatively, three cases suffered from pulmonary infection, and three cases had haemothorax, chylothorax and atelectasis, respectively. Two patients died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome within 90 days after the surgery. Within the remaining patients, 11 cases (44%) experienced a relapse and finally 8 (32%) patients died. Compared to R1 resection group, R0 resection group had a better prognosis (Log-rank P=0.0196). The 3-and 5-year survival rates were 79.6% and 59.1%, with median survival time of 84 months.Conclusions: Reconstruction of mediastinal vessels for invasive thymoma is a feasible technology method.Radical resection of the tumor with involved neighboring structures is the key to prolong overall survival for patients suffered from invasive thymoma.