Current status of the clinical epidemiology of myocardial infarction in men and women: A national cross-sectional study in Iran

Abstract

Background:Cardiovascular disease is the main reason for mortality in men and women. Clinical epidemiology of myocardial infarction (MI) in men and women has not been yet studied in Iran, one of the largest Middle East countries in South-Western Asia. This study was conducted to determine the clinical epidemiology of MI in men and women in Iran.Methods:This hospital-based, cross-sectional study used the data of 20,750 MI patients in Iran in 2012 (the codes I22, I21, I24, and I25.2). Univariate comparisons used Chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.Results:Totally, 20,750 MI patients (15,033 men and 5,717 women) with age range of 13–106 (mean; 61.2 ± 13.4) years were enrolled. Only 9 (0.04%) patients (8 men and 1 woman) were ≤18 years (mean age: 14.8 ± 1.9), out of whom only two men were diabetic. 22.2% (18% men and 33.4% women) of the patients had diabetes, 26.2% (28.5% men and 20.1% women) were smoker and 35.5% (28.6% men and 53.7% women) had hypertension. ST-segment elevation MI incidence was 2.8 times higher in men than women. Left bundle branch block was significantly more prevalent in men than women. Men used percutaneous coronary intervention more frequently than women did. No difference in coronary artery bypass graft was noted between men and women. Mortality incidence was approximately twice higher in men than women. The prevalence of chest pain was higher in women than men.Conclusions:The MI incidence pattern, mortality from MI, and risk factors prevalence are significantly different between men and women in Iran. More emphasis on these issues in training people and healthcare professionals seems to contribute partially to patients’ timely referring to health care centers and preventing MI-associated mortalities.

Predictive factors of hospital mortality due to myocardial infarction: A multilevel analysis of Iran′s National Data

“…Myocardial infarction (MI) has the highest contribution among cardiovascular diseases in Iran. [ 5 6 ] In 2012, only 4% of 45–64 years old population and 1% of 15–44 years old population were free of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in both men and women in Iran. [ 7 ] Individual risk factors of MI and the associated mortality have been examined in different countries, including Iran.…”

“…[ 8 9 ] The association of seasons, income, socioeconomic status, individual and clinical risk factors, and geographic and environmental factors with mortality due to MI has been already investigated. [ 6 10 11 12 13 ] Mechanisms of geographic and environmental factors could explain the association between cardiovascular diseases and temperature. [ 10 ] Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and secretion of catecholamine are increased in response to cold temperature, which could result in an increase in blood pressure through increased heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance.…”

Modeling of in hospital mortality determinants in myocardial infarction patients, with and without stroke: A national study in Iran

“…[14] In Iran, MI patients with stroke history appear to control and mitigate the risk factors themselves. [1824] Our study is the first report in Iran and indicated that the pattern of determinants of hospital MI mortality with and without a stroke is various. Therefore, adopting an appropriate strategy for the treatment and prevention of death in the two groups of the patients requires close attention to the characteristics of each group of the patients.…”

“…[161718] According to projections, stroke continues to be the second leading cause of mortality worldwide till 2030. [19] Urbanism, increased life expectancy, reduction in childbirth, aging and elderly population, epidemiological changes, socioeconomic status, geographical conditions, and lifestyles such as poor diet, stress, and low mobility are the main causes of the burden of noncommunicable diseases, particularly stroke.…”

Modeling of the relationship between the environmental air pollution, clinical risk factors, and hospital mortality due to myocardial infarction in Isfahan, Iran

“…[ 3 4 ] The relationship between the air pollution, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, altitude, and mortality due to the diseases such as respiratory and cardiovascular have been identified and reported in industrialized countries. [ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ]…”