Current Status of Superheat Spray Modeling with NCC

An Overview of Spray Modeling With OpenNCC and its Application to Emissions Predictions of a LDI Combustor at High Pressure

“…This modeling approach was applied in the validation of a flashing jet generated by the sudden release of pressurized R134A from a cylindrical nozzle [18]. Also, we investigated the di↵erences between the superheat vaporization models of [45] & [48] within the context of both reacting and non-reacting flow calculations of a Parker-Hannifin pressure swirl atomizer.…”

“…Also, we investigated the di↵erences between the superheat vaporization models of [45] & [48] within the context of both reacting and non-reacting flow calculations of a Parker-Hannifin pressure swirl atomizer. In a separate investigation, we also looked into the impact of superheat conditions on the spray characteristics of a single-element LDI combustor [18].…”

“…In this paper, we summarize some important aspects of our spray formulation without making any attempt to provide an in-depth review on the fluid dynamic and transport behavior of reacting sprays [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Depending on the nature of the spray, an appropriate selection could be made from the choice of various well-known spray formulations (multicontinua, discrete-particle, or probabilistic) based on either a Lagrangian or an Eulerian representation for the liquid-phase equations by making use of appropriate droplet sub-grid models.…”

“…Our current formulation is applicable for flows with a dilute spray approximation where the droplet loading is low. The numerical method could be used within the context of both steady and unsteady calculations [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Not considered in the present release of the code are the e↵ects associated with droplet/shock interaction and dense spray e↵ects.…”