Current status of short- and medium chain polychlorinated n-alkanes in top predatory fish across Canada

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in marine organisms from the Pearl River Estuary in South China: Residue levels and interspecies differences

“…Hence, more comprehensive sampling including environmental samples is necessary for further evaluating the fate and bioaccumulation of SCCPs. In addition, the SCCP homologue group pattern in the present study was also different from the pattern observed in the fish (C 11 -12 dominating) from Canada (Basconcillo et al, 2015), and marine species (C 10 -11 dominated in fish and invertebrates) from Bohai Sea in China (Yuan et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2014aMa et al, , 2014b; indicating different contaminant sources or spatial distribution in usage of CP formulations.…”

“…The levels of ∑ SCCPs in the dorsal muscle of fish species (210-2800 ng·g − 1 lw and 5.3-58 ng·g −1 wet weight, ww) from the Pearl River Estuary were higher than the concentrations reported for top predatory fish (2-10 ng·g −1 ww in the whole body homogenates) in Canada (Basconcillo et al, 2015), but lower than those in the muscles of marine fish from Liaodong Bay of North China (9700-33,000 ng·g − 1 lw) (Ma et al, 2014b), and marine fish (33-140 ng·g − 1 ww) from Ebro River Delta in Spain (Parera et al, 2013). The concentrations of ∑SCCPs in bivalves in the present study varied from 120 to 760 ng·g − 1 dw, which were in the range of 65-5500 ng·g − 1 dw in the bivalves from the Bohai Sea in China (Yuan et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2014a).…”

“…In general, CPs are divided into three groups according to their carbon chain length: short chain CPs (C 10-13 , SCCPs), medium chain CPs (C 14-17 , MCCPs) and long chain CPs (C 18-30 , LCCPs) (Feo et al, 2009). Among different CP groups, SCCPs have attracted increasing attention in the last decade due to their persistence (Iozza et al, 2008), bioaccumulation (Houde et al, 2008;Zeng et al, 2011a;Basconcillo et al, 2015), toxicity to organisms (Warnasuriya et al, 2010;Geng et al, 2015Geng et al, , 2016, and high potential for long-distance atmospheric transport (Reth et al, 2006;Strid et al, 2013). SCCPs have been placed on the toxic release inventory in the European Union, Japan, Canada, and the United States, and are classified as priority toxic substances in the United States (UNEP, 2015a).…”

Temporal Trends and Pattern Changes of Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Marine Mammals from the South China Sea over the Past Decade

“…C 14 groups were the predominant homologue within MCCPs, which have a relatively higher octanol−water partition coefficient (K ow ) than SCCP homologue (C 10−13 ) groups. 39 A recent study 40 indicated that significant positive correlations were observed for MCCP concentrations versus trophic levels but not for SCCP concentrations versus trophic levels in predatory fish from the Great Lakes. An early study 6 also reported that bioaccumulation factors for MCCPs were generally higher than those for SCCPs in the Lake Ontario food webs.…”

Development of a method for the determination of SCCPs (short-chain chlorinated paraffins) in bivalve mollusk using Soxtec device followed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

“…Soxhlet device is a conventional liquidsolid extraction technique that uses high solvent volumes and extraction times in the range 6-24 h; it has been extensively used in CPs applications (Parera et al 2004;Basconcillo et al 2015). More recent extraction techniques, such as accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (USE), microwaveassisted extraction (MAE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), use reduced solvent volumes in shorter time and allow high levels of automation.…”