Current Status of Research on Small Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Tumors

Zhang, Mengting; Lu, Yukang; Wang, Lanfeng; Mao, Yiping; Hu, Xinyi; Chen, Zhiping

doi:10.3390/cancers15010100

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The human body has a variety of normal cells, including immune cells and stem cells, which are sources of EVs that can treat cancers. These many EV sources can be given to target cells more effectively and have the common benefit of not breaking down enzymatically in the body or causing first-pass metabolic effects ( 111 ). Unedited tumor-derived EVs are primarily utilized as therapeutic targets to increase therapeutic efficacy since they primarily control immune cells or transmit drug resistance.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles Induce M1 Polarization In Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles regulate macrophage polarization: role and therapeutic perspectives

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important cell-to-cell communication mediators. This paper focuses on the regulatory role of tumor-derived EVs on macrophages. It aims to investigate the causes of tumor progression and therapeutic directions. Tumor-derived EVs can cause macrophages to shift to M1 or M2 phenotypes. This indicates they can alter the M1/M2 cell ratio and have pro-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. This paper discusses several key points: first, the factors that stimulate macrophage polarization and the cytokines released as a result; second, an overview of EVs and the methods used to isolate them; third, how EVs from various cancer cell sources, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and glioblastoma cell sources carcinoma, promote tumor development by inducing M2 polarization in macrophages; and fourth, how EVs from breast carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, lungs carcinoma, and glioblastoma cell sources carcinoma also contribute to tumor development by promoting M2 polarization in macrophages. Modified or sourced EVs from breast, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer can repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages. This exhibits anti-tumor activities and offers novel approaches for tumor treatment. Therefore, we discovered that macrophage polarization to either M1 or M2 phenotypes can regulate tumor development. This is based on the description of altering macrophage phenotypes by vesicle contents.

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Section: Extracellular Vesicles Induce M1 Polarization In Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles regulate macrophage polarization: role and therapeutic perspectives

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Whereas PCa is the most frequent cancer among men, BlCa is the second-most frequent malignancy of the urinary tract, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), although less incident, is the most lethal [ 1 , 3 ]. Altogether, they are the second most incident and third deadliest group of neoplasms, worldwide [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. Their rising incidence, as well as the economic burden associated with diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up procedures, constitute a major challenge and concern in healthcare [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OncoUroMiR: Circulating miRNAs for Detection and Discrimination of the Main Urological Cancers Using a ddPCR-Based Approach

Sequeira,

Barros-Silva,

Ferreira-Torre

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The three most common genitourinary malignancies (prostate/kidney/bladder cancers) constitute a substantial proportion of all cancer cases, mainly in the elderly population. Early detection is key to maximizing the patients’ survival, but the lack of highly accurate biomarkers that might be used through non-/minimally invasive methods has impaired progress in this domain. Herein, we sought to develop a minimally invasive test to detect and discriminate among those urological cancers based on miRNAs assessment through ddPCR. Plasma samples from 268 patients with renal cell (RCC; n = 119), bladder (BlCa; n = 73), and prostate (PCa; n = 76) carcinomas (UroCancer group), and 74 healthy donors were selected. Hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-153-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-205-5p, and hsa-miR-375-3p levels were assessed. UroCancer cases displayed significantly different circulating hsa-miR-182-5p/hsa-miR-375-3p levels compared to healthy donors. Importantly, the hsa-miR-155-5p/hsa-miR-375-3p panel detected RCC with a high specificity (80.54%) and accuracy (66.04%). Furthermore, the hsa-miR-126-3p/hsa-miR-375-3p panel identified BlCa with a 94.87% specificity and 76.45% NPV whereas higher hsa-miR-126-3p levels were found in PCa patients. We concluded that plasma-derived miRNAs can identify and discriminate among the main genitourinary cancers, with high analytical performance. Although validation in a larger cohort is mandatory, these findings demonstrate that circulating miRNA assessment by ddPCR might provide a new approach for early detection and risk stratification of the most common urological cancers.

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Current Status of Research on Small Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Tumors

Cited by 2 publications

References 129 publications

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles regulate macrophage polarization: role and therapeutic perspectives

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles regulate macrophage polarization: role and therapeutic perspectives

OncoUroMiR: Circulating miRNAs for Detection and Discrimination of the Main Urological Cancers Using a ddPCR-Based Approach

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