Current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) in European pigs

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious and devastating enteric disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family. The disease is clinically similar to other forms of porcine gastroenteritis. Pigs are the only known host of the disease, and the occurrence of PED in wild boars is unknown. The virus causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in suckling piglets reaching 100%. Heavy economic losses in the pig-farming industry were sustained in the USA between 2013 and 2015 when PEDV spread very quickly and resulted in epidemics. The loss in the US pig industry has been estimated at almost seven million pigs. The purpose of this review is a description of the current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in European pigs and the risk presented by the introduction of PEDV to Poland in comparison to the epidemics in the USA.

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“…Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDv) is a highly contagious swine coronavirus causing enteritis in all age groups with a variable virulence and mortality depending in the strain (156,157). PEDv is an enteropathogenic coronavirus comprised of a positive sensed RNA genome that encodes a spike (S) glycoprotein located on the outer surface envelope of the virus particle.…”

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“…GII-type can be divided into GII-a, GII-b, and GII-c subtypes. China and the United States are dominated by the GII strain (Antas and Wozniakowski 2019 ; Lin et al 2016 ). In October 2010, a severe PED epidemic caused by a highly virulent variant of PEDV broke out in southern China, with a mortality rate of 70–100% (Li et al 2012 ; Sun et al 2012 ).…”

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“…The PEDV spread to other European countries (Belgium, France, Hungary and Czech Republic…) (Pensaert & Martelli, 2016) and to Asia where it became enzootic particularly in most prosper pork industry countries like China, South Korea and Philippines (Song & Park, 2012). The economic losses induced by the occurrence of the PED are dramatic since, high mortality rate is associated to the infection, mainly among < 10 days old piglets (Antas & Woźniakowski, 2019). Mortality reached 100% in newborn and suckling piglets in Japan during 1993 and 1994 (Sueyoshi et al., 1995) and in Thailand during 2007 and 2008 (Puranaveja et al., 2009).…”