Current Status of Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Prevalence across Agroecological Zones of Senegal

Zoclanclounon, Yedomon Ange Bovys; Kanfany, Ghislain; Kane, Aboubacry; Foncéka, Daniel; Ehemba, Georgina Lala; Ly, Fatmata

doi:10.1155/2019/1252653

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The special distribution of early-and late-owering morphotypes also follows a rainfall gradient where the central part of Senegal was on average 500 to 600mm drier than the south (average 1,200mm) between the 1990s and 2014. Not to mention the fact that certain diseases including downy mildew are more prevalent in the agro-ecological zones that range from the south to the center than from the center toward the north of Senegal [22]. In some areas, early-owering millet would cope better with drought, while late-owering millet would adapt to cope with more humid environments.…”

Section: Key Features For Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

GWAS unveils features between early- and late-flowering pearl millets

Diack

Kanfany

Guèye

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Pearl millet, a nutritious food for around 100 million people in Africa and India, displays extensive genetic diversity and a high degree of admixture with wild relatives. Two major morphotypes can be distinguished in Senegal: early-flowering Souna and late-flowering Sanio. Phenotypic variabilities related to flowering time play an important role in the adaptation of pearl millet to climate variability. A better understanding of the genetic makeup of these variabilities would make it possible to breed pearl millet to suit regions with different climates. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic basis of these phenotypic differences.Results: We defined a core collection that captures most of the diversity of cultivated pearl millets in Senegal and includes 60 early-flowering Souna and 31 late-flowering Sanio morphotypes. Sixteen agro-morphological traits were evaluated in the panel in the 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons. Phenological and phenotypic traits related with yield, flowering time, and biomass helped differentiate early- and late-flowering morphotypes. Further, using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), 21,663 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers with more than 5% of minor allele frequencies were discovered. Sparse non-negative matrix factorization (sNMF) analysis confirmed the genetic structure in two gene pools associated with differences in flowering time. Two chromosomal regions on linkage groups (LG 3) (~89.7Mb) and (LG 6) (~68.1Mb) differentiated two clusters among the early-flowering Souna. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to link phenotypic variation to the SNPs, and 18 genes were linked to flowering time, plant height, tillering, and biomass (P-value ˂ 2.3E-06).Conclusions: The diversity of early- and late-flowering pearl millet morphotypes in Senegal was captured using a heuristic approach. Key phenological and phenotypic traits, SNPs, and candidate genes underlying flowering time, tillering, biomass yield and plant height of pearl millet were identified. Chromosome rearrangements in LG3 and LG6 were inferred as a source of variation in early-flowering morphotypes. Using candidate genes underlying these features between pearl millet morphotypes will be of paramount importance in breeding for resilience to climatic variability.

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Section: Key Features For Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

GWAS unveils features between early- and late-flowering pearl millets

Diack

Kanfany

Guèye

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A total of 256 DArT and 70 SSR markers were used for the identification of a novel QTL for pearl millet rust disease using 168 RILs [63]. Like rust disease, downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola is the most destructive disease of pearl millet [64]. A total of five QTL associated with resistance to pearl millet downy mildew disease were identified in 187 RILs using 88 SSR markers [65].…”

Section: Qtl Associated With Various Traits In Major and Minor Milletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Genome Sequences of Major and Minor Millets in Strengthening Food and Nutritional Security for Future Generations

Maharajan,

Krishna,

Krishnakumar

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Millets are small-seeded cereals belonging to the family Poaceae. They are considered to be climate-resilient and future nutritional food cereals for humans. Millets are resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors compared to other major cereals and thrive in low-quality soils with little maintenance and less rainfall. The importance of millets is still not well known to many people due to the lack of popularity and cultivation in semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. The United Nations has declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets (IYM 2023) to promote millet cultivation and popularize their health benefits globally. A few years ago, the application of molecular biology was in its infancy in millets due to the unavailability of genome sequences. Genome sequences are available for most of the millets on NCBI and Phytozome databases. In this review, we discuss the details of genome sequences for millets, candidate genes identified from the native genome of millets. The current status of quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association studies in millets are also discussed. The utilization of millet genome sequences in functional genomics research and translating the information for crop improvement will help millet and non-millet cereals survive harsh environments in the future. Such efforts will help strengthen food security and reduce malnutrition worldwide in 2050.

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“…This also follows a rainfall gradient where the central part is drier (average between 500-600mm) than in the south (average 1200mm) between the 1990s and 2014. Not to mention the prevalence of certain diseases such as downy mildew seen more in the agroecological zones from the South to the center than in the center towards the North of the country (23). In some areas, early-maturing is suitable to cope with drought, while late-maturing would adapt to cope with more humid environments.…”

Section: Key Features For Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

GWAS unveils features between early- and late-flowering pearl millets

Diack

Kanfany

Guèye

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Pearl millet, a dietary food for around 100 million people in Africa and in India, has a large diversity due to an extensive genetic diversity combined with a high degree of admixture with wild relatives. In Senegal, two major morphotypes are distinguished: early-flowering and late-flowering millets. The phenotypic variabilities according to the flowering time plays an important role in pearl millet adaptation to climate variability. A better understanding of the genetic makeup of these variabilities would allow breeding of pearl millet fitting different climatic areas. In this study, we aimed to characterize the genetic basis of these phenotypic differences. Results: We defined a core collection capturing most of the diversity of cultivated pearl millet of Senegal, which includes 60 early-flowering Souna and 31 late-flowering Sanio. This panel was evaluated during the 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons at Nioro for 16 agro-morphological traits. Phenological and phenotypic traits linked with yield, flowering time, and biomass helped differentiated early- and late-flowering millets. Further, using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), 21,663 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequencies of more than 5% were identified. Sparse Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (sNMF) analysis confirms the genetic structure in two gene pools associated with flowering time differences. Moreover, two chromosomal regions on linkage groups (LG 3) (~89.7Mb) and (LG 6) (~68.1Mb) differentiated the early-flowering into two clusters. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to associate phenotypic variation to the SNPs and 18 genes were linked to flowering time, plant height, nodal tiller number, and biomass (P-value ˂ 2.3E-06). Conclusions: The diversity of early- and late-flowering pearl millet landraces of Senegal was captured using a heuristic approach. Key phenology and phenotypic traits, SNPs, and candidate genes underlying flowering time, tillering, biomass and plant height of pearl millet were identified. Chromosome rearrangements in LG3 and LG6 were implicated as a source of variation in early-flowering morphotypes. Using candidate genes underlying these features between pearl millet morphotypes would have paramount importance in breeding strategies under climate change scenarios.

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Current Status of Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Prevalence across Agroecological Zones of Senegal

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

GWAS unveils features between early- and late-flowering pearl millets

GWAS unveils features between early- and late-flowering pearl millets

Role of Genome Sequences of Major and Minor Millets in Strengthening Food and Nutritional Security for Future Generations

GWAS unveils features between early- and late-flowering pearl millets

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