Current status of mucosal vaccines against SARS-CoV2: a hope for protective immunity

García-Silva, Ileana; Govea‐Alonso, Dania O.; Rosales‐Mendoza, Sergio

doi:10.1080/14712598.2022.2156284

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 112 publications

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“…The different RBD has been formulated with a variety of adjuvants, which, when inoculated intramuscularly or subcutaneously, usually induce polyclonal antibodies that evoke a strong immune response and that inhibit the association of the RBD with ACE2, producing, in some cases, neutralizing antibodies [ 29 , 30 ]. Usually, oral vaccines are not invasive, safe, and can generate immunity against infectious diseases [ 31 – 33 ]. Oral attenuated vaccines often lead to long-term mucosal and systemic immunity due to the intensified immunity of T-cells at the intestinal epithelial, the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the elicitation of systemic neutralizing antibodies [ 32 , 34 – 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral administration of a recombinant modified RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 as a possible immunostimulant for the care of COVID-19

Valdez‑Cruz,

Rosiles-Becerril,

Martínez-Olivares

et al. 2024

Microb Cell Fact

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Background Developing effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that consider manufacturing limitations, equitable access, and acceptance is necessary for developing platforms to produce antigens that can be efficiently presented for generating neutralizing antibodies and as a model for new vaccines. Results This work presents the development of an applicable technology through the oral administration of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen fused with a peptide to improve its antigenic presentation. We focused on the development and production of the recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) produced in E. coli modified with the addition of amino acids extension designed to improve antigen presentation. The production was carried out in shake flask and bioreactor cultures, obtaining around 200 mg/L of the antigen. The peptide-fused RBD and peptide-free RBD proteins were characterized and compared using SDS-PAGE gel, high-performance chromatography, and circular dichroism. The peptide-fused RBD was formulated in an oil-in-water emulsion for oral mice immunization. The peptide-fused RBD, compared to RBD, induced robust IgG production in mice, capable of recognizing the recombinant RBD in Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, the peptide-fused RBD generated neutralizing antibodies in the sera of the dosed mice. The formulation showed no reactive episodes and no changes in temperature or vomiting. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of the designed peptide added to the RBD to improve antigen immunostimulation by oral administration. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral administration of a recombinant modified RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 as a possible immunostimulant for the care of COVID-19

Valdez‑Cruz,

Rosiles-Becerril,

Martínez-Olivares

et al. 2024

Microb Cell Fact

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Mucosal immunity in COVID-19: a comprehensive review

Alqahtani

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in defending against coronaviruses, particularly at respiratory sites, serving as the first line of defense against viral invasion and replication. Coronaviruses have developed various immune evasion strategies at the mucosal immune system, hindering the recognition of infected cells and evading antibody responses. Understanding the immune mechanisms and responses is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapeutics against coronaviruses. The role of mucosal immunity in COVID-19 is significant, influencing both local and systemic immune responses to the virus. Although most clinical studies focus on antibodies and cellular immunity in peripheral blood, mucosal immune responses in the respiratory tract play a key role in the early restriction of viral replication and the clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Identification of mucosal biomarkers associated with viral clearance will allow monitoring of infection-induced immunity. Mucosally delivered vaccines and those under clinical trials are being compared and contrasted to understand their effectiveness in inducing mucosal immunity against coronaviruses. A greater understanding of lung tissue-based immunity may lead to improved diagnostic and prognostic procedures and novel treatment strategies aimed at reducing the disease burden of community-acquired pneumonia, avoiding the systemic manifestations of infection and excess morbidity and mortality. This comprehensive review article outlines the current evidence about the role of mucosal immune responses in the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as potential mucosal mechanisms of protection against (re-)infection. It also proposes that there is a significant role for mucosal immunity and for secretory as well as circulating IgA antibodies in COVID-19, and that it is important to elucidate this in order to comprehend especially the asymptomatic and mild states of the infection, which appear to account for the majority of cases. Moreover, it is possible that mucosal immunity can be exploited for beneficial diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes. The findings from recent studies on mucosal immunity in COVID-19 can be used to develop effective vaccines and treatments that can effectively target both mucosal and systemic immune responses.

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Infection Control among Dental Healthcare Personnel: The Updated Guidelines for COVID-19 in Dental Settings

Almeslet¹,

ALOsaimi²,

ALWisali³

2023

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Current status of mucosal vaccines against SARS-CoV2: a hope for protective immunity

Cited by 3 publications

References 112 publications

Oral administration of a recombinant modified RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 as a possible immunostimulant for the care of COVID-19

Oral administration of a recombinant modified RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 as a possible immunostimulant for the care of COVID-19

Mucosal immunity in COVID-19: a comprehensive review

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Infection Control among Dental Healthcare Personnel: The Updated Guidelines for COVID-19 in Dental Settings

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