Introduction: Contemporary laser technologies in urology are becoming a new gold standard and a necessary tool for minimally invasive treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Advances in laser technology applied to the treatment of BPH have been inspired primarily by the need to find a comparable alternative therapeutic option to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and open prostatectomy (OP).Material and methods: Laser procedures for BPH encompasses a variety of laser types and operative techniques, including visual laser ablation of the prostate (VLAP), transurethral ultrasound guided laser incision prostatectomy (TULIP), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser, contact laser vaporization of the prostate (CLV), interstitial laser coagulation (ILC), holmium laser resection of the prostate (HoLRP), holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), holmium laser ablation of the prostate (HoLAP) and thulium laser (vapo)enucleation or resection. Each of these techniques has certain advantages and disadvantages, both when compared with each other, and when compared to TURP.Results: Modern lasers have far greater energy power compared with the older generations of lasers, and these modern lasers are used in surgery for precise cutting, evaporation and tissue coagulation. The effect of the laser depends on the wavelength as well as on the ability of the target tissue to absorb radiation energy. Thus, to choose the best laser for a given type of surgery, one should keep in mind the differences between lasers, the variability of their use, and the factors that determine how the laser affects the tissue. The aspirations of this study were aimed at creating innovative procedures, which would not have limitations in terms of prostate volume and whose clinical results related to perioperative morbidity, hemorrhage and hospitalization period would be at least identical to the clinical results achieved by the TURP and OP.Conclusions: Traditional operating techniques are slowly becoming a thing of the past, and classical methods are being replaced by technological innovations, primarily advanced lasers. Among the many types of lasers used for the surgical treatment of BPH, the holmium and thulium lasers are currently the most widely used in clinical practice.