“…In the recent decades, evolutionary biologists have mainly focused on positive and negative selection due to their intuitive importance in adaptation (Nielsen, 2005;e.g., Gerrard & Meyer, 2007;Salzburger et al, 2007;Salzburger, 2009;Diepeveen & Salzburger, 2011;Fan et al, 2011;Diepeveen et al, 2013;Keller et al, 2013;Brawand et al, 2014;Henning & Meyer, 2014;Xia et al, 2015;Pavlova et al, 2017). In contrast, balancing selection has not been widely studied, especially in fish (reviewed in López et al, 2015;Bernatchez, 2016;Kumar & Kocour, 2017;Yue & Wang, 2017). Nonetheless, balancing selection can have major influences on evolutionary processes, particularly in adaptation.…”