Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for the Re-Emerging Human Monkeypox Virus

Lee, Wooseong; Kim, Yujin; Lee, Su Jin; Ahn, Dong‐Gyu; Kim, Seong Jun

doi:10.4014/jmb.2306.06033

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…The epidemiology of STIs is changing, driven by the emergence of infections that can be transmitted via sexual contact such as Zika virus infection 13 and Mpox, 14 the adoption of prevention measures such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV 15 and changes in patterns of sexual behaviour due to the rise of dating apps. 16 This makes prevention and control strategies more challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in travellers

Shiferaw,

Martin,

Dean

et al. 2024

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) impose a global health and economic burden. International travellers facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, including STIs. Hence, this review assessed the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs, and factors associated with the infection in this population. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINHAL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception of the databases until November 2022. Published analytical observational studies reporting the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and factors associated with STIs by type of traveller (i.e. tourists, business travellers, students, visiting friends or relatives [VFRs], international truck drivers, backpackers, expatriates, and men who have sex with men [MSM]) were included. The selection of articles, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted for each STI by clinical presentation and type of traveller. Results Thirty-two studies (n = 387 731 travellers) were included, 19 evaluated the proportionate morbidity of STIs among symptomatic travellers, while 13 examined the prevalence of STIs in asymptomatic travellers. The highest proportionate morbidity was found among VFRs (syphilis, 1.67%; 95%CI:1.03–2.81%), backpackers (chlamydia trachomatis, 6.58%; 95%CI: 5.96–7.25%), and MSM (HIV [2.50%;95%CI:0.44–12.88%], gonorrhoea [4.17%;95%CI:1.1.5–13.98%], lymphogranuloma venereum [4.17%;95%CI:1.1.5–13.98%], and HAV [20.0%; 95% CI: 14.99–26.17%]). The highest prevalence of STIs among asymptomatic were found in MSM (HIV [25.94%;95%CI:22.21–30.05%] and HBV [24.90%; 95%CI:21.23–28.96%]) and backpackers (chlamydia trachomatis, 3.92%;95% CI:2.72–5.32%). Short duration of the trip (<1 month), not having pre-travel consultation, travelling to Southeast Asia, and being unvaccinated for HBV were identified as risk factors for STIs. Conclusion Strategies to prevent STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs should be discussed at pretravel consultations and recommendations should be prioritized in high-risk groups of travellers, such as backpackers, VFRs, and MSMs. Additionally, healthcare providers should tailor recommendations for safe sex practices to individual travellers’ unique needs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in travellers

Shiferaw,

Martin,

Dean

et al. 2024

Journal of Travel Medicine

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“…Recognised for its high sensitivity multiplex capabilities, Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) developed an Orthopoxvirus assay that measures IgG antibody responses to five MPXV and five VACV immunodominant antigens. These range from cell adhesion through either binding chondroitin sulphate (MPXV E8 and VACV D8) 22 or heparan sulphate (MPXV A29 and VACV A27) 23,24 , whereas MPXV B5 and VACV B6 are Extracellular Envelope virus (EEV) 25 which have been identified to be a target for EEVneutralising antibodies 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Multiplexed Immunoassay for Assessing Long-Term Humoral Immunity to Monkeypox virus infection and Orthopoxvirus Vaccination

Hicks,

Jones,

Callaby

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In the summer of 2022, a large outbreak of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) cases occurred globally. By December 2022, a total of 3,582 Mpox cases had been confirmed within the UK. As a result, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (“IMVANEX”) vaccine was offered to high-risk groups to protect against the spread of the virus. This outbreak led to the development of multiple serological assays to aid the current understanding of Mpox immunology. This study assessed the performance of a multiplexed solid-phase electrochemiluminescence (Meso Scale Discovery (MSD)) immunoassay for simultaneous detection of antibodies against MPXV A29, A35, B6, E8, and M1 antigens, along with the corresponding Vaccina Virus (VACV) homologues A27, A33, B5, D8, and L1. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated with paediatric negatives (n=215), pre- and post-IMVANEX vaccinated (n=80) and MPXV (2022 Clade IIb outbreak, n=39) infected serum samples. The overall Orthopoxvirus multiplex assay demonstrated high specificity ranging from 75.68% (CI: 69.01-81.29) - 95.98% (CI:92.54-97.87) and sensitivity from 62.11% (CI:52.06-71.21) - 98.59% (CI:92.44% - 99.93%) depending on the Orthopoxvirus antigen, either used singularly or combined. Additionally, preferential binding was observed between Mpox-infected individuals and MPXV antigens, whilst vaccinated individuals exhibited increased binding to VACV antigens. These results highlight the differential binding patterns between antigen homologues in closely related viruses. Using this assay, we show that the Orthopoxvirus MSD assay is highly sensitive in detecting IgG titres for vaccinated sera ≥24-days post dose one and ≥14-days post dose two for all antigens within the assay except for MPXV A29 and VACV A27. A similar trend was observed with convalescent sera, although differing antigens demonstrate stronger sensitivities. Overall, this assay has the capability to accurately assess antibody titres for multiple relevant MPXV and VACV antigens post infection and post vaccination, demonstrating its utility in understanding immune responses to Orthopox viruses in current and future outbreaks, and assessing the immunogenicity of new generation Orthopox and Mpox-specific vaccinations.

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Evaluation of a multiplexed immunoassay for assessing long-term humoral immunity Orthopoxviruses

Hicks,

Jones,

Callaby

et al. 2024

Vaccine

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Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for the Re-Emerging Human Monkeypox Virus

Cited by 4 publications

References 103 publications

A systematic review and meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in travellers

A systematic review and meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in travellers

Evaluation of a Multiplexed Immunoassay for Assessing Long-Term Humoral Immunity to Monkeypox virus infection and Orthopoxvirus Vaccination

Evaluation of a multiplexed immunoassay for assessing long-term humoral immunity Orthopoxviruses

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