Current status of clinical laboratory tests for the human immunodeficiency virus

Nakamura, Robert M.; Bylund, David J.; Rooney, Kathleen E.

doi:10.1002/jcla.1860040411

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In summary, the new anti-HIV 1 and 2 test is highly suited for anti-HIV screening. The flexibility of the test concept allows discrimination between HIV-1 and HIV-2; thus, the newly developed anti-HIV 1 and 2 test has the additional features of being able to diagnose HIV infection and may contribute to a reduction in the spread of this deadly disease (2,15,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional important tool that can be used to reduce the spread of HIV is the early and reliable recognition of the HIV infection by sensitive tests (15). The anti-HIV 1 and 2 test has been shown to reduce significantly the risk of HIV infection by blood and blood products (2,15,18). The test is also able to identify HIV-infected persons, allowing them to adjust their behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test is also able to identify HIV-infected persons, allowing them to adjust their behaviors. Thus, sensitive and reliable anti-HIV 1 and 2 tests also contribute significantly to a reduction in the spread of HIV infection (2,15,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: multicenter evaluation of a newly developed anti-HIV 1 and 2 enzyme immunoassay

et al. 1994

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A new anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (anti-HIV 1 and 2) test is described. It uses recombinant p24 and peptides covering gp32, gp4l, and gpl20 to identify HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. This test has been shown to be specific (99.5%) and sensitive (99.8%). In this respect, the assay was equal or superior to anti-HIV 1 and 2 tests run as references. The test was able to discriminate sera from patients with HIV infections from those from uninfected individuals with excellence; it also exerted high intraand interassay precisions. The "modular" concept of the test allows the use of single components (gp32 or gp4l) to separate

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: multicenter evaluation of a newly developed anti-HIV 1 and 2 enzyme immunoassay

et al. 1994

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“…has been greatly reduced since the development of appropriate screening methods for antibodies to HIV (anti-HIV) in blood banks (5)(6)(7)(8). In 1985 two patients were hospitalized in Europe with an initial diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based on clinical symptoms, but they were nonreactive for antibodies to HIV by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and showed indeterminate Western blot patterns (9).…”

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Infection Via Blood Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a dipstick method for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Beristain¹,

Rojkin²,

Lorenzo³

1995

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Serology has been a fundamental tool to prevent post-transfusional infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and for epidemiological surveys, the first step to attempt control of the pandemia. Enzyme immunoassay is in widespread use. Nevertheless, simpler methods are needed in many countries, where laboratory facilities and trained personnel are limited, and HIV prevalence is high. The evaluation of a simple and noninstrumented HIV antibody test is presented here. The test employs synthetic antigens of HIV-1 and HIV-2 attached to the teeth of a polystyrene comb, which fit into the wells of standard microtiter plates where samples are diluted. Captured antibodies are developed with colloidal gold-labeled Protein A. Three seroconversion panels plus 662 samples were tested, including HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected individuals, normal blood donors, and a noninfected baby born to a seroreactive mother. When compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot, the dipstick showed 100% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity. The simplicity of result evaluations and excellent reagent stability make the dipstick suitable for small blood banks and for epidemiological surveys.

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“…To reduce the chances of technical or clerical error, the antibody tests are confirmed by additional tests like ELISA, western blot, and PCR analysis. When tests are combined, for example, ELISA and western blot, the false-positive rate has been reported to be as low as 1/100 000 [ 3 ]. Others have indicated that even when tests are combined, about 3% of the investigated sera were false-positive, false-negative, or noninterpretable [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serodeconversion of HIV Antibody‐Positive AIDS Patients Following Treatment with V‐1 Immunitor

Metadilogkul

Jirathitikal²,

Bourinbaiar³

2008

BioMed Research International

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It is extremely rare when HIV seropositive adult patients experience spontaneous loss of antibodies, that is, seroreversion. The disappearance of HIV antibodies was occasionally attributed to iatrogenic intervention—serodeconversion. Such interventions include: HAART; oral interferon; Chinese herbal remedies; and therapeutic AIDS vaccines derived from pooled blood. Oral therapeutic, alloimmune AIDS vaccine, V-1 Immunitor (V1), was administered to 60000 HIV-positive Thai patients. The administration of V1 resulted in serodeconversion among 23 individuals. The patient group consisted of 9 females (39%) and 14 males (61%) including two 2-year-old boys. The age range was 2–58 years with mean/median 29/29.3 years. Patients were tested seropositive for HIV at least once before being enrolled on V1. The duration of treatment until discovery of seronegative status ranged between 2 weeks and 15 months with average/median 7.2/8 months. Time to seronegativity was correlated with baseline disease stage (R = 0.62; P = .002). The seronegative status was positively associated with V1-induced undetectable or low viral load (R = 0.65; P = .0008). The odds ratio analysis comparing the outcome of our study with published surveys of diagnostic accuracy of laboratory tests suggested that the probability of HIV antibody testing error was remote (P < .000001). The possible causes responsible for this unusual phenomenon are discussed.

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Current status of clinical laboratory tests for the human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 7 publications

References 88 publications

Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: multicenter evaluation of a newly developed anti-HIV 1 and 2 enzyme immunoassay

Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: multicenter evaluation of a newly developed anti-HIV 1 and 2 enzyme immunoassay

Evaluation of a dipstick method for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Serodeconversion of HIV Antibody‐Positive AIDS Patients Following Treatment with V‐1 Immunitor

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