Current status of ATRP-based materials for gene therapy

Gonçalves, Sayeny de Ávila; Vieira, Roniérik Pioli

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104453

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Since then, the field of controlled photopolymerizations has evolved, with recent studies providing mechanistic insight, [24][25][26] better polymerization control through the development of new organic catalysts, and also polymerization assays using traditional monomers. [27][28][29][30][31][32] However, there is still the need for deepening the knowledge of the mechanisms associated with polymerization control and kinetics, and also to expand the range of monomers that are polymerizable. Kinetic models that consider details of the reaction mechanism are, therefore,…”

Section: Doi: 101002/macp202000199mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental and Computational Approach on Controlled Radical Photopolymerization of Limonene

Silva

Vieira

2020

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Limonene is a potential candidate for the synthesis of polymers from renewable and non-toxic sources. The synthesis of poly(limonene) via controlled photopolymerization is studied for the first time, both at an experimental and computational level. A kinetic modeling is developed and all unknown parameters are estimated by adjusting them to the experimental data (conversion, molar mass, and dispersity). The reasonable model fit indicates that the proposed mechanism can be considered valid for this process simulation. In that fashion, different reagent ratios are evaluated, as well as simulations for long polymerization times. The experiments provide less than 10% monomer conversion at 40 °C, and short times. However, it is possible to identify a reasonable polymerization control (dispersities <1.5). In a complementary way, the simulations allowed to identify a threshold of reagent ratios in order to maintain the polymerization control for conversions around 20%, and at the same time enable monomer conversions at the same level as traditional thermally-initiated radical polymerizations at high temperatures. Therefore, this new route can be a promising alternative for the synthesis of limonene-based polymers.

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Section: Doi: 101002/macp202000199mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental and Computational Approach on Controlled Radical Photopolymerization of Limonene

Silva

Vieira

2020

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…The technology of gene therapy intends to introduce foreign genetic materials into patient’s cells or tissues with the goal of gaining a therapeutic effect . This technology has been an active area of interdisciplinary research for many years to date. − The development of safe and efficient gene delivery vectors is of considerable importance for the success of gene therapy in clinical applications. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonviral DNA Delivery System with Supramolecular PEGylation Formed by Host–Guest Pseudo-Block Copolymers

Zhang

Wen

Song

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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A cationic supramolecular system based on host−guest pseudoblock copolymers was developed for nonviral DNA delivery. In this system, the macromolecular host was a cationic star-shaped polymer composed of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) core and multiple poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) chains grafted on the core, while the macromolecular guest was a linear adamantyl-ended poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-Ad). Pseudoblock copolymers were self-assembled from the polymeric host−guest pairs (typically, 1:1 molar ratio) in aqueous media through the inclusion of an adamantyl group at the end of guest polymer into the β-CD cavity of host polymers. Through such an approach, the resultant supramolecular system was integrated with not only a superior DNA condensing ability due to the host polymer but also an outstanding polyplex-stabilizing ability as well as biocompatibility due to the guest polymer. The cationic star-shaped host polymers alone were capable of condensing plasmid DNA efficiently into nanoparticles (70−100 nm) with positive surface charge. They showed obviously lower cytotoxicity than PEI 25K (commercial branched polyethylenimine with a molecular weight around 25 kDa) in cell lines of L929, MB231, and Hela under high dose. In serum-free or serum-containing culture conditions, these host polymers exhibited either higher or lower in vitro DNA transfection efficiency as compared with PEI 25K in the three cell lines under study, which was dependent on the N/P ratios and PDMAEMA arm length. Upon incorporation of the PEG block through host−guest complexation with mPEG-Ad (i.e., supramolecular PEGylation), the resulting host−guest supramolecular systems exhibited even lower cytotoxicity than the host polymers alone. The polyplexes between plasmid DNA (pDNA) and the host−guest systems showed significantly improved stability in BSA-PBS buffer solution (pH 7.4) and enhanced in vitro DNA transfection efficiency in the cases of higher N/P ratios or longer PDMAEMA arms in all tested cell lines under both serum-free and serum-containing culture conditions, as compared with the corresponding polyplexes without supramolecular PEGylation. Further, through forming pseudoblock copolymer, the DNA transfection ability of the supramolecular system can be easily modulated and optimized either by changing the ratio between the guest and host or by using different hosts with varied PDMAEMA arm lengths.

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“…Flavonoids as polyphenol compounds with functional hydroxyl groups can be easily polymerized with different monomers to enhance their properties 15 . Modification by polymers improves, for example, hydrophobic, 16,17 hydrophilic, 18,19 antifouling, 18,20 antimicrobial, 21 antibacterial 22 properties, pH‐ and temperature‐responsiveness in drug, and gene delivery systems 23‐25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniemulsion switchable electrolysis under constant current conditions

Zaborniak

Chmielarz

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Troxerutin, a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside, has a variety of beneficial activities characteristic for flavonols, such as strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Besides the beneficial effects of troxerutin, limitations such as bioavailability have disrupted its application and prompt scientists to look for effective modification methods. This work presents the synthesis of troxerutin-based macromolecules with lipophilic poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) star arms via "core-first" procedure in a two-step synthetic route. Troxerutin as a polyphenol structure with ubiquitous reactive hydroxyl groups was for the first time modified with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide to receive an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator with 10 brominated initiation sites. The further step involved the synthesis of novel star-like macromolecules with troxerutin core and PnBA star arms by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP) in an environmentally friendly reaction medium-miniemulsion. Electrolysis under constant current conditions with temporal control was implemented, resulting in well-defined star-like polymers with complete preservation of chain-end functionality after restarting the synthesis. Hydrophobic properties of received troxerutin-based macromolecules were investigated by contact angles (Θ) measurements, followed by the free surface energy (FSE) calculations.

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Current status of ATRP-based materials for gene therapy

Cited by 21 publications

References 88 publications

An Experimental and Computational Approach on Controlled Radical Photopolymerization of Limonene

An Experimental and Computational Approach on Controlled Radical Photopolymerization of Limonene

Nonviral DNA Delivery System with Supramolecular PEGylation Formed by Host–Guest Pseudo-Block Copolymers

Miniemulsion switchable electrolysis under constant current conditions

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