Current status of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in Europe

Wolf, Sebastian

doi:10.1007/s10384-008-0580-4

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The mammalian VEGF family presently contains five members: VEGF-A, placenta growth factor (PlGF), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. VEGF-A has important roles in mammalian vascular development and in diseases involving abnormal growth of blood vessels. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the significance of VEGF-A in ocular neovascularization (e.g., diabetic retinopathy and aged-macular degeneration) with use of VEGF-A neutralizing antibodies [9]. VEGF-C and VEGF-D are main lymphangiogenic factors in both physiological and pathological conditions.…”

Section: Vegf/vegfr System In Lymphangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatics and Lymphangiogenesis in the Eye

Nakao

Hafezi-Moghadam

Ishibashi

2012

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Lymphatic is a prerequisite for the maintenance of tissue fluid balance and immunity in the body. A body of evidence also shows that lymphangiogenesis plays important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases such as tumor metastasis and inflammation. The eye was thought to lack lymphatic vessels except for the conjunctiva; however, advances in the field, including the identification of lymphatic endothelial markers (e.g., LYVE-1 or podoplanin) and lymphangiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF-C), have revealed the exsitence and possible roles of lymphatics and lymphangiogenesis in the eye. Recent studies have shown that corneal limbus, ciliary body, lacrimal gland, orbital meninges, and extraocular muscles contain lymphatic vessels and that the choroid might have a lymphatic-like system. There is no known lymphatic outflow from the eye. However, several lymphatic channels including uveolymphatic pathway might serve the ocular fluid homeostasis. Furthermore, lymphangiogenesis plays important roles in pathological conditions in the eye including corneal transplant rejection and ocular tumor progression. Yet, the role of lymphangiogenesis in most eye diseases, especially inflammatory disease or edema, remains unknown. A better understanding of lymphatic and lymphangiogenesis in the eye will open new therapeutic opportunities to prevent vision loss in ocular diseases.

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Section: Vegf/vegfr System In Lymphangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatics and Lymphangiogenesis in the Eye

Nakao

Hafezi-Moghadam

Ishibashi

2012

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…New vessels cause edema, hemorrhages, and exudates due to the ability of VEGF to increase vascular permeability [8,9]. Application of anti-VEGF agents showed con-vincing results in studies aimed at delaying CNV development in human subjects [14]. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis [15], serves as an antagonist of VEGF and the balance of these two factors regulates angiogenesis in retina [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of retinal pigment epithelium cause AMD-like retinopathy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats

Markovets

Saprunova

Zhdankina

et al. 2010

Aging

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Pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the world, remains poorly understood. This makes it necessary to create animal models for studying AMD pathogenesis and to design new therapeutic approaches. Here we showed that retinopathy in OXYS rats is similar to human AMD according to clinical signs, morphology, and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) genes expression. Clinical signs of retinopathy OXYS rats manifest by the age 3 months against the background of significantly reduced expression level of VEGF and PEDF genes due to the decline of the amount of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and alteration of choroidal microcirculation. The disruption in OXYS rats' retina starts at the age of 20 days and appears as reduce the area of RPE cells but does not affect their ultrastructure. Ultrastructural pathological alterations of RPE as well as develop forms of retinopathy are observed in OXYS rats from age 12 months and manifested as excessive accumulation of lipofuscin in RPE regions adjacent to the rod cells, whirling extentions of the basement membrane into the cytoplasm. These data suggest that primary cellular degenerative alterations in the RPE cells secondarily lead to choriocapillaris atrophy and results in complete loss of photoreceptor cells in the OXYS rats' retina by the age of 24 months.

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“…Over the last 10 years, a number of new antibodies against VEGF-A emerged for intraocular treatment. These include pegaptanib (Macugen; Eyetech Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York, N.Y., USA), ranibizumab (Lucentis, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland) and bevacizumab (Avastin, Novartis Pharma) which are widely used as intravitreal injection (IVT) therapy for neovascular AMD [3,4,5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Intraocular Pressure Changes in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with Ranibizumab

et al. 2013

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Background/Aims: To investigate the long-term effects of multiple intravitreal injections (IVTs) of ranibizumab (Lucentis) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods: In 320 eyes, IOP measurements were performed at baseline prior to injection and compared with IOP measurements of the last visit. Correlations between mean IOP change and total number of IVTs, visual acuity or patient age were tested. Results: The mean IOP increase was 0.8 ± 3.1 mm Hg (p < 0.0001). Seven eyes showed final IOP values between 22 and 25 mm Hg. The mean follow-up was 22.7 ± 14.1 months. No further correlations between IOP change and number of IVTs, visual acuity or patient age have been found. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a statistically significant IOP increase in patients treated with repeated injections of ranibizumab. However, IOP increase required no glaucoma treatment during the study. Therefore, repeated injections with ranibizumab can be considered safe with regard to long-term IOP changes in patients without ocular hypertension or glaucoma.

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Current status of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in Europe

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Lymphatics and Lymphangiogenesis in the Eye

Lymphatics and Lymphangiogenesis in the Eye

Alterations of retinal pigment epithelium cause AMD-like retinopathy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats

Long-Term Intraocular Pressure Changes in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with Ranibizumab

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