Current status of aerosol-cloud interactions and their impact over the Northern Indian Ocean: A comprehensive review

In-situ observations of cloud microphysics over Arabian Sea during dust transport events

“…A few field experiments have been conducted over the AS region such as the Indian Ocean Experiment: INDOEX during January-March, 1999 McFarquhar 2001, Ramanathan et al 2002), Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment: ARMEX during June-July, 2002 (Rao 2005), Integrated campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB) campaign during March-May, 2006(Kumar et al 2008 in order to characterize the aerosol and cloud properties over the oceanic region. Studies from these campaign-based observations concluded that dust is a dominant aerosol type, particularly in summer monsoon season, over the AS which is mostly coming from the Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa and Thar desert (Tiwari et al 2023). Measurements of aerosol size distribution over south-east AS showed a bimodal size distribution with nucleation and coarse modes during the south-west monsoon season (Kesti et al 2020).…”

“…Observations from high spatial and temporal resolution airborne measurements over AS are very sparse, limiting their use in assessing the performance of cloud modelling in NWP and climate models. Most of the research studies conducted over the AS region were focusing mainly on aerosol-radiative impacts (Rajeev and , Vinoj and Satheesh 2004, Chylek et al 2006, Jose et al 2020, Tiwari et al 2023 with satellite data, ship-based observations and numerical modelling. Studies related to cloud microphysics, especially ice and mixed-phase properties of clouds over this region, are largely lacking.…”