Current status, between-year comparisons and maternal transfer of organohalogenated compounds (OHCs) in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya, Svalbard (Norway)

Bytingsvik, Jenny; Frantzen, Marianne; Götsch, Arntraut; Heimstad, Eldbjørg Sofie; Christensen, Guttorm; Evenset, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.104

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…For anadromous char, the lipid content of the gonads can account for up to 25% of the total lipid content in females but <3% in males (Jørgensen et al 1997). The toxicokinetics of spawning was investigated in the landlocked char from Ellasjøen, where this additional route of elimination was found to be substantial (Bytingsvik et al 2015).…”

Section: Dna Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Double‐Strand Breaks in Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya in the Norwegian Arctic

Neerland

Bytingsvik

Nikiforov

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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High levels of organochlorine contaminants (OCs) have been found in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Lake Ellasjøen, Bjørnøya (Norwegian Arctic). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential genotoxic effect of environmental organochlorine contaminant exposure in arctic char from Ellasjøen compared with arctic char from the low‐contaminated Lake Laksvatn nearby. Blood was analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and image data analysis to quantify the fraction of total DNA that migrated into the gel (DNA‐FTM) as a relative measure of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). Analysis by GC‐MS of muscle samples showed an average 43 times higher concentration of ΣOCs in arctic char from Ellasjøen (n = 18) compared with Laksvatn char (n = 21). Char from Lake Ellasjøen had a much higher frequency of DSBs, as measured by DNA‐FTM, than char from Lake Laksvatn. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions show that there was a significant positive relationship between DSBs and levels of organochlorine contaminants in the char. In addition, DSBs were less frequent in reproductively mature char than in immature char. The results suggest that organochlorine contaminants are genotoxic to arctic char. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2405–2413. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC

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Section: Dna Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Double‐Strand Breaks in Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya in the Norwegian Arctic

Neerland

Bytingsvik

Nikiforov

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…In Ellasjøen fish, highest concentrations were observed for ∑PCBs with concentrations > 10000 ng/g lipid weight in both muscle and ovary tissue (Bytingsvik et al, 2015). The higher contaminant concentrations in Arctic char from Lake Ellasjøen compared to Lake Laksvatn have been linked to higher levels of double DNA-strand breaks (Neerland, 2016), higher hepatic cytochrome P450(CYP)1A enzyme levels, lower glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein expression, elevated heat shock proteins expression (Wiseman et al, 2011), and altered mRNA abundance of key genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis functioning suggestive of endocrine disruptive effects (Jørgensen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Organisms in the arctic are exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from long rangeatmospheric transport and deposition, transport via ocean currents, as well as from local hot spots, such as military bases, oil extraction facilities and mining etc. Freshwater fish from certain arctic locations have been reported to contain high levels of POPs, with ∑polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) higher than 10 000 ng/g lipid weight in some cases (Bytingsvik et al, 2015;Christensen and Evenset, 2011;Evenset et al, 2004). Populations with higher risk of possible POP-mediated effects have been identified and among these is the Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya (Bear Island) (74°30′ N, 19°00′ E) (Letcher et al, 2010), and especially fish from Lake Ellasjøen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Populations with higher risk of possible POP-mediated effects have been identified and among these is the Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya (Bear Island) (74°30′ N, 19°00′ E) (Letcher et al, 2010), and especially fish from Lake Ellasjøen. The pollutants generally occurring at high concentrations in these fish are PCBs, 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p-DDE), chlordanes, chlorobornanes (CHBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (Bytingsvik et al, 2015;Evenset et al, 2005Evenset et al, , 2004. These contaminants are transferred to Lake Ellasjøen by guano from seabirds using the lake as a resting area (Evenset et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These contaminants are transferred to Lake Ellasjøen by guano from seabirds using the lake as a resting area (Evenset et al, 2007). A between-lake comparison at Bjørnøya performed by Bytingsvik et al (2015) showed that Arctic char muscle levels (lipid weight) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordanes (∑CHLs), mirex, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (∑DDTs) and ∑PCBs were 1.7, 3.1, 13.3, 28.1 and 35.6 times higher in fish from Lake Ellasjøen than in fish from the nearby Lake Laksvatn (12 km north of Ellasjøen), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing cytotoxic and estrogenic activity of Arctic char tissue extracts in primary Arctic char hepatocytes

Petersen

Hultman

Bytingsvik

et al. 2017

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Contaminants from various anthropogenic activities are detected in the Arctic due to long-range atmospheric transport, ocean currents, and living organisms such as migrating fish or seabirds. Although levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic fish are generally low, local hot spots of contamination were found in freshwater systems such as Lake Ellasjøen at Bjørnøya (Bear Island, Norway). Higher concentrations of organic halogenated compounds (OHC), and higher levels of cytochrome P450 and DNA-double strand breaks were reported in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from this lake compared to fish from other lakes on Bjørnøya. Although several of the measured contaminants are potential endocrine disrupters, few studies have investigated potential endocrine disruptive effects of the contaminant cocktail in this fish population. The aim of this study was to compare acutely toxic and estrogenic potency of the cocktail of pollutants as evidenced by cytotoxic and/or estrogenic effects in vitro using extracts of Arctic char livers from contaminated Lake Ellasjøen with those from less contaminated Lake Laksvatn at Bjørnøya. This was performed by in situ sampling and contaminant extraction from liver tissue, followed by chemical analysis and in vitro testing of the following contaminated tissue extracts: F1-nonpolar OHC, F2-polar pesticides and metabolites of OHC, and F3-polar OHC. Contaminant levels were highest in extracts from Ellasjøen fish. The F2 and F3 extracts from Lake Laksvatn and Lake Ellasjøen fish reduced in vitro cell viability at a concentration ratio of 0.03-1 relative to tissue concentration in Arctic char. Only the F3 liver extract from Ellasjøen fish increased in vitro vitellogenin protein expression. Although compounds such as estrogenic OH-PCBs were quantified in Ellasjøen F3 extracts, it remains to be determined which compounds were inducing estrogenic effects.

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Biomarker response and hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis functioning in Arctic charr from Bjørnøya (74°30′ N), Norway, with high levels of organohalogenated compounds

Jørgensen¹,

Maule

Evenset

et al. 2017

Aquatic Toxicology

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Current status, between-year comparisons and maternal transfer of organohalogenated compounds (OHCs) in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya, Svalbard (Norway)

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

DNA Double‐Strand Breaks in Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya in the Norwegian Arctic

DNA Double‐Strand Breaks in Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Bjørnøya in the Norwegian Arctic

Characterizing cytotoxic and estrogenic activity of Arctic char tissue extracts in primary Arctic char hepatocytes

Biomarker response and hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis functioning in Arctic charr from Bjørnøya (74°30′ N), Norway, with high levels of organohalogenated compounds

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