Current Status and Future Therapeutic Options for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Abstract

The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health, and its alteration is now associated with the development of various gastrointestinal (ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, etc.) and extraintestinal diseases, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, neuropsychiatric diseases. In this context, it is not surprising that gut microbiota modification methods may constitute a therapy whose potential has not yet been fully investigated. In this regard, the most interesting method is thought to be fecal microbiota transplantation, which consists of the simultaneous replacement of the intestinal microbiota of a sick recipient with fecal material from a healthy donor. This review summarizes the most interesting findings on the application of fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal and extraintestinal pathologies.

Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, clinical trial

“…In most patients with IBS, gut microbiota diversity is reduced, an increase of Enterobacteria is exhibited alongside a comparatively reduced quantity of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli , and the ratios of the main gut microbiota phylotypes are upset ( 28 ). Since gut dysbiosis is currently considered an important pathogenetic factor of IBS, various therapeutic strategies associated with gut microbiota modification (including FMT) have recently been the subject of intensive study ( 19 ). There are several prospective and RCTs of FMT’s effectiveness in IBS.…”

“…Considering that PI-IBS is brought on by infection and gut microbiota may be associated with the onset of symptoms, the modification of altered gut microbiota with non-absorbable antibiotics such as rifaximin-α or probiotics is often employed as first-stage treatment ( 17 , 18 ). Research in recent years has also shown the potential benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for IBS, which is the replacement of a sick recipient’s gut microbiota with fecal material from a healthy donor ( 19 , 20 ). Even though the only officially approved indication for FMT at this time is recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, the effectiveness of FMT is nevertheless being studied for treating other gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal pathologies, including IBS ( 19 , 21 , 22 ).…”

“…Research in recent years has also shown the potential benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for IBS, which is the replacement of a sick recipient’s gut microbiota with fecal material from a healthy donor ( 19 , 20 ). Even though the only officially approved indication for FMT at this time is recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, the effectiveness of FMT is nevertheless being studied for treating other gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal pathologies, including IBS ( 19 , 21 , 22 ). To date, several controlled and uncontrolled studies have been conducted to study the effectiveness of FMT for IBS, and most of them have demonstrated positive results ( 20 , 23 – 26 ).…”

Gut Microbiota and Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma: Focus on MAPK Pathway Inhibition

“…The mechanisms proposed to participate in colorectal carcinogenesis are the alteration of the intestinal epithelial barrier, the production of genotoxins and the secretion of toxic metabolites by pathogenic bacteria [ 63 ]. Herbert et al introduced the idea that microbial interventions could be beneficial in CRC, and although there are studies where it seems to be a plausible method to increase anti-tumor effects, there is still an urgent need to clarify its benefit in clinical models and daily practice [ 64 , 65 ].…”

Pathophysiological Prerequisites and Therapeutic Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis

“…Несмотря на наличие многочисленных нерешённых проблем [13], существует немало публикаций, где описываются связанные с ней технические и организационные вопросы [14,15]. Предполагается, что в основе эффективности ТФМ лежит создание в кишечнике конкурентной среды за счёт непатогенных микроорганизмов и выработки ими антимикробных веществ, таких как бактериоцины.…”