Current status and future perspective of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in animal-breeding environments

Abstract

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are a global public health concern. ARB are transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans. The importance of environmental transmission of ARB and ARGs has recently been demonstrated, given the relationships between compost, livestock wastewater, insects, and wildlife. In addition, companion animals and their surrounding environments (veterinary hospitals and homes with companion animals) should be considered owing to their close relationship with humans. This review discusses the current status and future perspectives of ARB and ARGs in animal-breeding environments.

A survey of antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> prevalence in wild mammals in Japan using antimicrobial-containing media

“…The acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in some communities of wild animals depends on the habitats of their hosts [ 30 ]. AMR was mostly observed in single animals of each species, although TET resistance was observed in E. coli isolates from multiple sika deer and wild boars using non-antimicrobial agar ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Wild animals act as reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and AMR genes [30]. In this context, the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria/resistance determinants between wild and domestic animals results in the maintenance of AMR in these organisms [33].…”

“…Antimicrobials are essential for treating bacterial infections in medical and veterinary fields, although the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are closely related to their extensive use [ 8 ]. In addition, human activities, including livestock, release antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and AMR genes to the environment via wastewater and gavage, and then transmitted to wild animals [ 30 ]. Wild animals act as reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and AMR genes [ 30 ].…”

“…In addition, human activities, including livestock, release antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and AMR genes to the environment via wastewater and gavage, and then transmitted to wild animals [ 30 ]. Wild animals act as reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and AMR genes [ 30 ]. In this context, the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria/resistance determinants between wild and domestic animals results in the maintenance of AMR in these organisms [ 33 ].…”

Antibacterial activities of anthraquinones: structure–activity relationships and action mechanisms

“…5,6 The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes has become a global medical challenge, which threatens human health and causes huge economic losses to livestock breeding and other industries. 7–9 Accordingly, a search for new drugs to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria is highly urgent. 10,11 Throughout the history of the discovery of many antimicrobials, natural products as a main source, such as quinones, coumarins, flavonoids, macrolides, xanthones, etc.…”