Current Status and Future Perspective of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Recycling

Zeng, Xianlai; Zheng, Lu; Xie, Henghua; Lü, Bin; Xia, Kejun; Chao, Kuo-Ming; Li, Weidong; Jiang, Yang; Lin, Szu-Yin; Li, Jinhui

doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2012.10.081

Cited by 83 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…First, in the case of some mixed-material goods, the grade of one material is regarded as the concentration of the goods. For instance, metallic powder containing copper and nonmetals could be commonly obtained from the mechanical and electrostatic separation of e-waste (Zeng et al, 2012); thus, the grade of copper (zero-valence state) in the goods can be determined with the content of copper. The grade of alloy, in particular, will be defined as the concentration of a certain metal based on the assumption that the target recovery phase is pure metal (zero-valence state).…”

Section: Determination Methods Of Grading Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the recyclability of e-waste: an innovative method and its implications

Zeng

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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113

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Section: Determination Methods Of Grading Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the recyclability of e-waste: an innovative method and its implications

Zeng

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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113

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“…PCBs are manufactured mainly with epoxy or phenol resin containing a fire retardant, such as tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBA) (Blazsó and Czégény, 2006). The global market for production of PCBs in 2010 was estimated to be more than 50 billion dollars and is expected to dramatically increase in the near future (Zeng et al, 2012). The rate of waste PCB generation has increased rapidly along with significant market expansions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis Reaction Pathways of Waste Epoxy-Printed Circuit Board

Kim

Lee

et al. 2013

Environmental Engineering Science

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This article elucidates pyrolysis reaction pathways of waste epoxy-printed circuit boards (e-PCBs). Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyses showed that waste e-PCBs decomposed via a series of reactions distinguished by three apparent reaction regions. The first-stage reaction ( <250°C) can be accounted for by the cleavage reaction of N-containing cross-linkage between brominated epoxy resin (BER) and non-brominated epoxy resin (NBER). Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) showed that the second-stage reaction (250-500°C) can be represented by two independent decomposition reactions of BERs and NBERs to yield thermally stable intermediates. BERs decomposed more rapidly (250-350°C), whereas NBERs decomposed over broader temperature regions (250-500°C) with slower decomposition rates. Multi-shot gas chromatography/mass spectrometry also indicated that brominated compounds, brominated phenol and brominated bisphenol A, are generated mainly at lower temperature zones of the second-stage region, whereas phenols and branched phenols are generated at higher temperature zones. Steady but slow conversion of intermediates was carried out over the conversion of 0.9. At the third-stage reaction, thermally stable intermediates were converted slowly to char as a result of HBr release from intermediates.

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“…The recovery of useful materials from PCBs has drawn considerable attention because the printed circuit boards (PCBs) in personal computers (PCs) and mobile phones contain valuable metals. These include precious metals such as gold, silver, palladium, and rhodium [1][2][3][4][5]. PCBs also contain major metals and alloys, such as ferromagnetic materials, aluminum, and copper, which are difficult to liberate from PCBs at normal temperature or by using general crushing technology [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%