Current status and expected future trends in dust explosion research

A quantitative risk management framework for dust and hybrid mixture explosions

“…It calculates explosion pressure, temperature, velocity, and fuel consumption at each grid cell in the given geometry, thus enabling it to predict the consequence potential of dust/hybrid mixture explosions in industry. DESC is expected to be the future tool for dust explosion simulations (Eckhoff, 2005). The use of this software as a part of the QRMF to assess dust and hybrid mixtures risks is novel in the dust explosion prevention/mitigation area.…”

“…To date, while many researchers have tried to model or predict dust cloud structures and flame propagation as a first step to mitigating or even preventing dust explosions, there is still a lack of findings that can provide a real explanation of those hazards (Eckhoff, 2005). Other research has tried to develop robust process management procedures, techniques, tools, and frameworks with the intention of mitigating or preventing dust explosion accidents, but there is still more work to be done.…”

The potential fire and explosion hazards in biomass co-firing with conventional fossil fuels based on data obtained during testing

“…Indirect co-firing is combined with the earlier pyrolysis or gasification of biomass in a separate installation and then gasification products are fired in the boiler. This firing method may be called an indirect method [8][9][10].…”

“…The use of biomass, in particular in power engineering, has created new hazards for mankind and for the environment; including fire and explosion hazards. A description was provided of the use of biomass in power engineering in existing boilers fired by hard coal [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Literature and experimental values were outlined for selected parameters of ignitability and explosiveness of selected biomass parameters, and a comparison was presented of the ignitability and the explosiveness parameters for selected biomass dust, a mixture of coal and biomass and for coal dust (according to PN-EN 14034, PN-EN 50281-2-1:2002 andPN-EN 13821:2004).…”

Analysis of the flammability properties of solid fuels

“…One of the most used procedures to inhibit the explosion of a dust cloud is by inerting this cloud mixing the air with an inert gas until an oxygen concentration lower than the limiting oxygen concentration is obtained, so that there is not enough oxygen for the propagation of a flame [63]. The two most used gases for inerting are nitrogen and carbon dioxide [55].…”