Current status and environment impact of direct straw return in China’s cropland – A review

Hui, Li; Dai, Mingwei; Dai, Shunli; Dong, Xinju

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.014

Cited by 299 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…XRD spectrogram before and after modifications is shown in Figure 3. e XRD spectrum is fitted by MDI Jade 5.0 software, and CI is calculated according to formula (2). CI obtained is shown in Figure 4 [28][29][30].…”

Section: Effect Of Modification Methods On Crystallinity Of Wsfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e annual output of straw around the world has surpassed 2.9 billion tons. Of the 2.9 billion tons, 66% is returned directly to the field or incinerated as living energy, 19% for building materials or vegetable production covering materials, 12% as forage for herbivorous livestock, and 3% as raw materials for handicraft making [1][2][3]. Waste straw is a pollutant and contributor to climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Modification Methods of Wheat Straw Fibers on Water Absorbency and Mechanical Properties of Wheat Straw Fiber Cement‐Based Composites

Jiang

Cui

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Five modification methods are adopted for wheat straw fibers (WSFs). e effects of modification methods on the water absorbency of wheat straw fiber/wheat straw fiber cement-based composite (WSFCC) and the mechanical properties of WSFCC are analyzed. e crystallinity, chemical structure, and micromorphology of WSFs and WSFCC 28-day specimens are characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM methods. e results show that the water absorption of WSFs modified with sodium silicate solution, pure acrylic acid emulsion, and silicone waterproof emulsion surface spraying is 10.67%, 5.18%, and 1.05% lower than that of unmodified WSFs, respectively. Alkali modification is the ideal method for improving the strength of WSFCC. Establishing a fitting formula of the relationship between water absorption of WSFs and strength of WSFCC specimens has important theoretical and practical guiding significance for development and application of WSFCC.

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Section: Effect Of Modification Methods On Crystallinity Of Wsfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Modification Methods of Wheat Straw Fibers on Water Absorbency and Mechanical Properties of Wheat Straw Fiber Cement‐Based Composites

Jiang

Cui

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…One of the disadvantages of returning straw to the field is incomplete decomposing of straw due to insufficient time for biodegradation, consequently hindering root penetration. Furthermore, crop pest infestation may be aggravated by straws which provide favorable living places [18]. Another negative impact of a straw return to the soil is increasing GHG emissions.…”

Section: Benefits and Disadvantages Of Returning Straw To Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Straw Utilization in China—Status and Recommendations

Ren

2019

Sustainability

151

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As the world’s largest grain producer, China’s straw yield was 700 million tonnes in 2014. With a national utilization rate of 80% in 2015, there is still a large amount of straw burned in open-field, resulting in air pollution and a reduction in the quantity available as a source of bioenergy. This paper conducts a literature review of success stories and major challenges in comprehensive straw utilization in and out of China. It is noted that nationwide long-term feasible and sustainable straw utilization at a high rate is a highly complex operation, involving most societal sectors, many people and facilities often at different regions. Scenarios were analyzed to estimate the energy potential and air emission reductions China would accomplish in 2020 by converting an additional 5 or 10% of straw-yield to biofuel. Currently, the approach to control straw burning in China is primarily administrative, relying heavily on prohibition and penalties, inconsistent across policy areas and geography, and lacking in long-term planning. Consequently, the effectiveness of the current approach is limited. The main cause of burning is a lack of infrastructure, effective preventive measures, and viable alternatives. Recommendations aimed at promoting a circular bio-economy around using crop straw as resources were provided, including improving straw utilization rates and reducing open-field burning.

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“…According to statistics, the output of straw in the world is more than 2.9 billion tons every year, including 21% wheat straw, 19% rice straw, 10% barley straw, 35% corn straw, 2% rye straw, 3% oat straw, 5% cereal straw, and 5% sorghum straw. 66% of the world's crop straw is returned directly to the field or burned as live energy, 19% is used as building materials or covering materials in vegetable production, 12% as forage for herbivorous livestock, and about 3% as raw materials for handicrafts [16][17][18]. China is a big agricultural country, which grows a large amount of crops every year, thus producing abundant agricultural waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Straw Fiber Modification Methods on Compatibility between Straw Fibers and Cement‐Based Materials

Jiang

Cui

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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To improve the utilization of crop straws as a resource and the compatibility between straw fibers and cement-based materials, the hydration of modified straw fiber cement-based composite (SFCC) was studied. e structural characteristic of SFCC was investigated by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. e results show that the setting time of several modified straw fiber SFCC pastes was shorter than that of the unmodified straw fiber SFCC paste, and the best method of fiber modification to improve the setting time of the SFCC paste is Na 2 O·nSiO 2 treatment. e recommended fiber modification method for improving the compatibility between straw fibers and cement-based materials is alkali modification, followed by pure acrylic emulsion modification and Na 2 O·nSiO 2 modification. To improve the strength of SFCC, the straw fiber should be modified by alkali, followed by pure acrylic emulsion and Na 2 O·nSiO 2 modification and the method of water modification is also recommended. e phase types and relative contents of crystalline hydration products mixed with the modified straw fiber SFCC are significantly higher than those of the unmodified fiber SFCC. e fiber treatment method that was most helpful to increase the structural density of hydrates of SFCC was alkali treatment and pure acrylic emulsion treatment, followed by Na 2 O·nSiO 2 treatment.

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Current status and environment impact of direct straw return in China’s cropland – A review

Cited by 299 publications

References 129 publications

Effect of Modification Methods of Wheat Straw Fibers on Water Absorbency and Mechanical Properties of Wheat Straw Fiber Cement‐Based Composites

Effect of Modification Methods of Wheat Straw Fibers on Water Absorbency and Mechanical Properties of Wheat Straw Fiber Cement‐Based Composites

Straw Utilization in China—Status and Recommendations

Effect of Straw Fiber Modification Methods on Compatibility between Straw Fibers and Cement‐Based Materials

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