Current-state opacity and initial-state opacity of modular discrete event systems

Yang, Jingkai; Deng, Weilin; Qiu, Daowen

doi:10.1080/00207179.2021.1951357

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the past decades, many potential compositionality results have been proposed to tackle the acute computational bottlenecks in the analysis of safety properties for large-scale continuous-space systems [191,148,91,93,29,160,187,188,99,109]. However, in the context of analyzing security properties, compositional approaches have been explored only recently for modular verification and synthesis of DES in [168,137,132,196,212,239] and for continuous-space systems in [114,111,83].…”

Section: Compositional Reasoning For Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this structural condition, the verification of opacity for system ⊗ n i=1 Σ i can be divided as n local verification problems for subsystems Σ i , which reduces the double-exponential complexity 2 |X| n to single-exponential complexity n2 |X| , where |X| = max i=1,...,n |X i |. More recently, the results in [196,212] follow the similar line of reasoning by identifying sufficient conditions under which current-state opacity can be verified efficiently using modular approach without building the monolithic system. In [137], a compositional abstraction technique was developed based on a notion of visible bisimulation relation.…”

Section: Compositional Reasoning For Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secure-by-Construction Synthesis of Cyber-Physical Systems

Liu¹,

Trivedi²,

Yin³

2022

Preprint

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Correct-by-construction synthesis is a cornerstone of the confluence of formal methods and control theory towards designing safety-critical systems. Instead of following the time-tested, albeit laborious (re)design-verify-validate loop, correct-by-construction methodology advocates the use of continual refinements of formal requirements-connected by chains of formal proofs-to build a system that assures the correctness by design. A remarkable progress has been made in scaling the scope of applicability of correct-byconstruction synthesis-with a focus on cyber-physical systems that tie discrete-event control with continuous environment-to enlarge control systems by combining symbolic approaches with principled state-space reduction techniques. Unfortunately, in the security-critical control systems, the security properties are verified ex post facto the design process in a way that undermines the correct-by-construction paradigm. We posit that, to truly realize the dream of correct-by-construction synthesis for security-critical systems, security considerations must take center-stage with the safety considerations. Moreover, catalyzed by the recent progress on the opacity sub-classes of security properties and the notion of hyperproperties capable of combining security with safety properties, we believe that the time is ripe for the research community to holistically target the challenge of secure-by-construction synthesis. This paper details our vision by highlighting the recent progress and open challenges that may serve as bricks for providing a solid foundation for secure-by-construction synthesis of cyber-physical systems.The revolution in miniaturized communication devices in the beginning of this millennium contributed towards a revolution in the internet-of-things (IoT) and the networked systems woven around them: the cyber-physical systems (CPS). CPS are marked by a close-knit interaction of discrete computation and continuous control over a network and are playing critical roles in virtually every aspect of our modern experience ranging from consumer electronics to implantable medical devices, from smart cars to smart hospitals, and from controlling our power systems to safeguarding our nuclear rectors. These systems are clearly safety-critical as a bug in their design could be life threatening, but given their societal implications, they are also security-critical where a bug in their design may have the potential to jeopardize the privacy, trust, and economic interests of society built around them." We believe that the security considerations should be elevated as primary design drivers along with safety ones to tackle the design challenge of modern CPS and call for a need to expand the correct-byconstruction paradigm of designing safety-critical systems to encompass security: we call this paradigm secure-by-construction. This paper synthesizes ideas from three research communities: discrete event systems (DES), control systems (CS), and formal methods (FM) to pose and study central problems supporting...

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Section: Compositional Reasoning For Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compositional Reasoning For Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure-by-Construction Synthesis of Cyber-Physical Systems

Liu¹,

Trivedi²,

Yin³

2022

Preprint

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“…When an original system is not opaque, its opacity enforcement problem has been extensively studied using a variety of techniques (see, e.g., previous studies [16][17][18][19][20]). Furthermore, verification and enforcement of opacity have been extended to other classes of models, including Petri nets [21,22], stochastic DESs [23], modular DESs [24], fuzzy DESs [25], and others [26,27]. For details, we refer the reader to the comprehensive review [28] and the references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opacity of discrete‐event systems under nondeterministic observation mechanism

Zhang

Chu

Han

et al. 2022

Asian Journal of Control

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For some practical systems modeled by discrete‐event systems (DESs), the event observation mechanism may be no longer static/fixed due to sensor faults/failures, packet loss, and/or measurement uncertainties. It is required to redefine the observations of events. Therefore, it is interesting to reconsider the opacity in the context of abnormal conditions as mentioned. In this paper, we extend notions of initial‐state opacity (ISO), current‐state opacity (CSO), and initial‐and‐final‐state opacity (IFSO) in a standard setting to an advanced framework of nondeterministic observations (i.e., the event‐observation mechanism is state‐dependent and nondeterministic) by taking the output‐observation‐equivalence instead of the natural projection‐equivalence into account. To efficiently verify them, we construct three new matrix‐based information structures in this advanced framework called an initial‐state estimator, a current‐state estimator, and an initial‐and‐final‐state estimator using the Boolean semi‐tensor product (BSTP) theory. Accordingly, the matrix‐based criteria for verifying these three types of opacity are given, respectively. Computational complexity analysis as well as illustrative examples are also provided for the proposed results.

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Monitor-based synthesis in enforcing disjunctive generalised mutual exclusion constraints

Abdous,

Dideban

2024

International Journal of Control

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Current-state opacity and initial-state opacity of modular discrete event systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Secure-by-Construction Synthesis of Cyber-Physical Systems

Secure-by-Construction Synthesis of Cyber-Physical Systems

Opacity of discrete‐event systems under nondeterministic observation mechanism

Monitor-based synthesis in enforcing disjunctive generalised mutual exclusion constraints

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