Current State of the First COVID-19 Vaccines

Prüβ, Birgit M.

doi:10.3390/vaccines9010030

Cited by 78 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Fortunately, several nucleic acid-based and inactivated virus vaccines have been rolled out at record speeds and vaccination programs have been initiated across the globe [6][7][8][9]. Many more vaccine clinical trials are underway, including subunit formulations, which rely on recombinant viral proteins for immunization [10]. An important element in the development of effective subunit vaccines is the characterization of the glycosylation of viral proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-Specific O-Glycosylation Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Produced in Insect and Human Cells

Bagdonaite

Thompson

Wang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Enveloped viruses hijack not only the host translation processes, but also its glycosylation machinery, and to a variable extent cover viral surface proteins with tolerogenic host-like structures. SARS-CoV-2 surface protein S presents as a trimer on the viral surface and is covered by a dense shield of N-linked glycans, and a few O-glycosites have been reported. The location of O-glycans is controlled by a large family of initiating enzymes with variable expression in cells and tissues and hence is difficult to predict. Here, we used our well-established O-glycoproteomic workflows to map the precise positions of O-linked glycosylation sites on three different entities of protein S—insect cell or human cell-produced ectodomains, or insect cell derived receptor binding domain (RBD). In total 25 O-glycosites were identified, with similar patterns in the two ectodomains of different cell origin, and a distinct pattern of the monomeric RBD. Strikingly, 16 out of 25 O-glycosites were located within three amino acids from known N-glycosites. However, O-glycosylation was primarily found on peptides that were unoccupied by N-glycans, and otherwise had low overall occupancy. This suggests possible complementary functions of O-glycans in immune shielding and negligible effects of O-glycosylation on subunit vaccine design for SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-Specific O-Glycosylation Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Produced in Insect and Human Cells

Bagdonaite

Thompson

Wang

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 Although countries have been taking various intervention measures to prevent the rapid spreading of the virus, including travel bans and economic lockdowns, declaring states of emergencies to enforce compulsory wearing of face masks, keeping social/physical distance, prohibition of public gatherings, and closure of schools, community spread together with pandemic fatigue have rendered some of these interventions less effective and the need for vaccines is more evident than ever. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Take COVID-19 Vaccine Among People Most at Risk of Exposure in Southern Ethiopia

Zewude¹,

Habtegiorgis²

2021

POR

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Background Acceptance of a vaccine or hesitancy towards it have great public health implications as they partly determine the extent to which people are exposed to infections that could have otherwise been prevented. The present study examined the willingness of primary and secondary school teachers, bank employees, and university instructors in southern Ethiopia to take a Covid-19 vaccine and the factors associated with their willingness. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used with a quantitative research approach. Primary data were gathered mainly through the use of a survey research method in which a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected research participants in Wolaita Sodo town. Data analysis was conducted using statistical techniques, including percentages, frequency distributions, and logistic regression analysis. Results Research participants generally had a low (46.1%) willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine. The main reason for most (37%) respondents’ hesitancy to take the vaccine is found to be the concern over the safety and/or the side effects of the vaccine (37%), followed by doubt about the vaccine’s effectiveness (20.7%), and lack of adequate information (12.7%). Moreover, 38.9% of survey participants revealed that they would like to take a COVID-19 vaccine other than AstraZeneca whereas 61.1% of respondents replied that they do not want to take any kind of COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, respondents’ willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine is significantly associated with attitude towards the vaccine (OR = 2.830; 95% CI = 1.834–4.368), belief that Covid-19 exists in the study area (OR = 0.221; 95% CI = 0.083–0.589), the perception that prevalence and death rate reports of the government are real (OR = 0.365; 95% CI = 0.197–0.676), status of chronic diseases (OR = 2.883; 95%CI = 1.039–7.999), and having a close relative/friend ever infected by COVID-19 (OR = 2.602; 95% CI = 1.117–6.063). Conclusion The findings of the research demonstrated that there is generally low willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine among university instructors, bank employees, and primary and secondary school teachers in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the federal ministry of health, Ethiopian food and drug controlling agency, the media, and all other concerned organizations should create increased awareness about the safety/side effects issues and the need to take the vaccine.

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“…Thus, unlike conventional vaccines, an mRNA vaccine does not contain any viral proteins itself, but only the information needed by our own cells to produce a viral trait that triggers the desired immune response. The mRNA technology has enabled the development of several candidate vaccines against COVID-19 [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Front-Line Health Care Workers: A Nationwide Survey of Emergency Medical Services Personnel from Germany

et al. 2021

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel as front-line health care workers (HCW) in Germany. Several studies have shown low willingness for vaccination (e.g., seasonal influenza) among HCWs and EMS personnel. Methods: We created a web-based survey. The questions were closed and standardized. Demographic data were collected (age, sex, federal state, profession). Experience with own COVID-19 infection, or infection in personal environment (family, friends) as well as willingness to vaccinate was queried. Results: The sample includes n = 1296 participants. A willingness to be vaccinated exists in 57%, 27.6% participants were undecided. Our results show a higher propensity to vaccinate among the following groups: male gender, higher medical education level, older age, own burden caused by the pandemic (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Due to the low overall acceptance of vaccination by HCWs, we recommend that the groups with vaccination hesitancy, in particular, be recruited for vaccination through interventions such as continuing education and awareness campaigns.

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Current State of the First COVID-19 Vaccines

Cited by 78 publications

References 85 publications

Site-Specific O-Glycosylation Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Produced in Insect and Human Cells

Site-Specific O-Glycosylation Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Produced in Insect and Human Cells

Willingness to Take COVID-19 Vaccine Among People Most at Risk of Exposure in Southern Ethiopia

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Front-Line Health Care Workers: A Nationwide Survey of Emergency Medical Services Personnel from Germany

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