Current State of “Omics” Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths related to late diagnosis, poor survival rates, and high incidence of metastasis. Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the future. Therefore, diagnosis at the early stages of pancreatic cancer for initial diagnosis or postoperative recurrence is a great challenge, as well as predicting prognosis precisely in the context of biomarker discovery. From the personalized medicine perspective, the lack of molecular biomarkers for patient selection confines tailored therapy options, including selecting drugs and their doses or even diet. Currently, there is no standardized pancreatic cancer screening strategy using molecular biomarkers, but CA19-9 is the most well known marker for the detection of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, recent innovations in high-throughput techniques have enabled the discovery of specific biomarkers of cancers using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, and metagenomics. Panels combining CA19-9 with other novel biomarkers from different “omics” levels might represent an ideal strategy for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. The systems biology approach may shed a light on biomarker identification of pancreatic cancer by integrating multi-omics approaches. In this review, we provide background information on the current state of pancreatic cancer biomarkers from multi-omics stages. Furthermore, we conclude this review on how multi-omics data may reveal new biomarkers to be used for personalized medicine in the future.

Role of CA 19.9 in the Management of Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

“…Nonetheless, it has to be considered that interesting perspectives are emerging, due to recent advances in multiomics, that may lead to the discovery of other biomarkers using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, and metagenomics. In this scenario, panels of markers combining CA 19.9 with other novel biomarkers from different “omics” levels are showing promising results in pancreatic cancer early detection [ 46 ] and in advancing its precision management [ 47 ].…”

Metabolic profiling of induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer progression in a mutant Kras mouse model

“…Benedicte Elena-Herrmann, INSERM U1209 Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), France spectrometry (MS)-based methods and, in the case of PCa, the subject has been reviewed recently (Turanli et al, 2021). Most metabolomic studies of PCa have addressed human serum/ plasma and urine samples, with fewer reports on human saliva and pancreatic tissue extracts (Kaur et al, 2012;Di Gangi et al, 2014;Nguyen et al, 2015;Doug and Qingyue, 2017;Lindahl et al, 2017;Mayerle et al, 2018).…”

How Should Surgeons Communicate About Palliative and Curative Intentions, Purposes, and Outcomes?

“…Patients should be informed of predictable outcomes and realistic goals of PD. In personalized medicine, clinical and multiomic tumor data can aid surgeons in more accurately predicting the benefits that PD might offer individual patients, 27,28 which they can then communicate to patients and use to facilitate informed decision making about PD based on outcomes rather than intentions. Surgeons who alter the language they use to inform patients during consent discussions might not influence poor prognoses for patients with periampullary malignancies, but they will likely improve honest communication, more fully informed consent, and patient-centered care.…”