“…The last 3 weeks before and after calving, the so-called transit period, are of particular concern. 2-3 weeks before calving, the cow is transferred to the maternity ward, where the feeding ration should correspond to the range and set of feeds for the new season and milking, that is, the microflora should be ready to receive a large amount of pasture feed [4,5]. To eliminate the shortage of dry matter and energy, it is necessary to feed cows with high-quality coarse feed -hay, hayloft, grass flour or briquettes before pasture, and be sure to feed a pre-mown, but dried grass mixture.…”