Current state of Ebola virus vaccines: A snapshot

Woolsey, Courtney; Geisbert, Thomas W.

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010078

Cited by 70 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 (cAd3) was identified as one of the most immunogenic primate adenovirus vectors, based on early screens in animal models [ 83 ]. In clinical trials, a cAd3-based Ebola virus vaccine was well tolerated and able to induce humoral and cellular responses, either alone [ 93 ], or as a priming immunization for a MVA-BN-Filo boost [ 94 ]. cAd3 is also used in the clinical development of monovalent vaccines for two other filoviruses, Sudan virus and Marburg virus, as well as a bivalent vaccine for Ebola virus and Sudan virus [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Virus Vectors In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Viral Vector Vaccines in Preparing for Future Pandemics

2022

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As the global response to COVID-19 continues, government stakeholders and private partners must keep an eye on the future for the next emerging viral threat with pandemic potential. Many of the virus families considered to be among these threats currently cause sporadic outbreaks of unpredictable size and timing. This represents a major challenge in terms of both obtaining sufficient funding to develop vaccines, and the ability to evaluate clinical efficacy in the field. However, this also presents an opportunity in which vaccines, along with robust diagnostics and contact tracing, can be utilized to respond to outbreaks as they occur, and limit the potential for further spread of the disease in question. While mRNA-based vaccines have proven, during the COVID-19 response, to be an effective and safe solution in terms of providing a rapid response to vaccine development, virus vector-based vaccines represent a class of vaccines that can offer key advantages in certain performance characteristics with regard to viruses of pandemic potential. Here, we will discuss some of the key pros and cons of viral vector vaccines in the context of preparing for future pandemics.

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Section: Virus Vectors In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Viral Vector Vaccines in Preparing for Future Pandemics

2022

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“…Ervebo ® received regulatory approval for use in Europe [ 9 ] and the United States [ 10 ] in 2019, as well as in four African countries (DRC, Burundi, Ghana, and Zambia) in 2020 [ 11 ]. The adenovirus-based vaccines, Zabdeno ® /Mvabea ® (a two-dose regimen containing Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo) and Ad5-EBOV, have been approved in Europe and China, respectively [ 12 ]. Meanwhile, the antibody-based therapeutics Inmazeb™ (i.e., REGN-EB3) [ 13 ] and Ebanga™ (i.e., mAb114) [ 14 ] received approval as treatments for EBOV in 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Strategies against Ebola Virus Infection

Wong

Lin

2022

Viruses

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Since the 2014–2016 epidemic, Ebola virus (EBOV) has spread to several countries and has become a major threat to global health. EBOV is a risk group 4 pathogen, which imposes significant obstacles for the development of countermeasures against the virus. Efforts have been made to develop anti-EBOV immunization and therapeutics, with three vaccines and two antibody-based therapeutics approved in recent years. Nonetheless, the high fatality of Ebola virus disease highlights the need to continuously develop antiviral strategies for the future management of EBOV outbreaks in conjunction with vaccination programs. This review aims to highlight potential EBOV therapeutics and their target(s) of inhibition, serving as a summary of the literature to inform readers of the novel candidates available in the continued search for EBOV antivirals.

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“…While substantial progress has been made towards the development of vaccines for one ebolavirus species, Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), no licensed MVD vaccines or therapeutics are currently available. Ervebo is the only vaccine approved by both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) ( https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ervebo ) and is recommended by the WHO and US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for the prevention of Ebola virus disease (EVD) [ 9 , 10 ]. The vaccine is comprised of a live-attenuated, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vector that expresses EBOV glycoprotein (GP) immunogen instead of its native glycoprotein (G).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly attenuated Vesiculovax vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Marburg virus challenge

et al. 2022

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Background Marburg virus (MARV), an Ebola-like virus, remains an eminent threat to public health as demonstrated by its high associated mortality rate (23–90%) and recent emergence in West Africa for the first time. Although a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccine (Ervebo) is licensed for Ebola virus disease (EVD), no approved countermeasures exist against MARV. Results from clinical trials indicate Ervebo prevents EVD in 97.5–100% of vaccinees 10 days onwards post-immunization. Methodology/Findings Given the rapid immunogenicity of the Ervebo platform against EVD, we tested whether a similar, but highly attenuated, rVSV-based Vesiculovax vector expressing the glycoprotein (GP) of MARV (rVSV-N4CT1-MARV-GP) could provide swift protection against Marburg virus disease (MVD). Here, groups of cynomolgus monkeys were vaccinated 7, 5, or 3 days before exposure to a lethal dose of MARV (Angola variant). All subjects (100%) immunized one week prior to challenge survived; 80% and 20% of subjects survived when vaccinated 5- and 3-days pre-exposure, respectively. Lethality was associated with higher viral load and sustained innate immunity transcriptional signatures, whereas survival correlated with development of MARV GP-specific antibodies and early expression of predicted NK cell-, B-cell-, and cytotoxic T-cell-type quantities. Conclusions/Significance These results emphasize the utility of Vesiculovax vaccines for MVD outbreak management. The highly attenuated nature of rVSV-N4CT1 vaccines, which are clinically safe in humans, may be preferable to vaccines based on the same platform as Ervebo (rVSV “delta G” platform), which in some trial participants induced vaccine-related adverse events in association with viral replication including arthralgia/arthritis, dermatitis, and cutaneous vasculitis.

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Current state of Ebola virus vaccines: A snapshot

Cited by 70 publications

References 25 publications

Utilization of Viral Vector Vaccines in Preparing for Future Pandemics

Utilization of Viral Vector Vaccines in Preparing for Future Pandemics

Therapeutic Strategies against Ebola Virus Infection

A highly attenuated Vesiculovax vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Marburg virus challenge

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