Current state of chikungunya fever laboratory diagnosis (review of literature)

Abstract

The article is about methods of chikungunya fever laboratory diagnosis. An algorithm for the study of biological material for the presence of antibodies against chikungunya virus and virus antigens is presented. The overview describes the information about commercial immunodiagnostic and genodiagnostic kits and their detailed specifications. The information presented in the review will be useful for doctors of clinical laboratory diagnostics to choose a method and an acceptable test system for laboratory confirmation of Chikungunya fever diagnosis, as well as differential diagnosis with other fevers, which have similar symptoms, common geographical distribution and carriers of infection.

Chikungunya Virus Diagnosis: A Review of Current Antigen Detection Methods

“…Increasing the number of monoclonal antibodies isolated from humans and other species could help develop a more sensitive and specific serological assay. Three distinct domains have been identified in the E2 protein: A (16–134 aa), B (173–231 aa), and C (269–341 aa), which are involved in receptor binding and considered immunogenic [ 12 , 23 , 47 ]. Additionally, the N218 of CHIKV E2 was identified as a potent neutralizing epitope as it mediated the binding and neutralization of the monoclonal antibody 3E7b [ 48 ]; because N218 is only observed on the CHIKV and ONNV E2, this antibody could be used to distinguish between these two closely related viruses and the other relevant alphaviruses.…”

“…Plate reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) remain the gold standard for serology and confirm the presence of neutralizing antibodies but are seldom used routinely for diagnosis. This technique requires trained personnel working under specified experimental and biological safety level (BSL) conditions [21][22][23]. Molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and isothermal amplification are used for the detection of the CHIKV genome.…”