Current State and Future Prospects of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmacogenetics

Chua, Eng Wee; Kennedy, Martin A.

doi:10.3389/fphar.2012.00152

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Genetic tests allow predicting likely phenotypic assignation based on genotypes. However, it is important to note that the metabolic phenotype may be affected by environmental and individual factors that cannot be predicted by genotyping procedures [30,31].…”

Section: Drug-metabolizing Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic biomarkers related to drug response in Venezuelan populations

Chiurillo

2014

Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy

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Pharmacogenetics is being applied to develop individual specific therapies considering different ethnic groups and mixed populations. The Venezuelan population is very heterogeneous as a result of the admixture process that occurred between Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans through five centuries. This review provides a summary of the literature concerning gene variants within drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug targets, and drug receptors (CYP2C19, CYP2D6, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, NAT2, MTHFR, LEP, LEPR, LTC4S, and ADRβ2 genes) evaluated in the Venezuelan population. In particular, most of the studies were conducted with relatively low numbers of individuals. Some of these studies included analyses of genetic polymorphisms in native groups living in this country. Although the recent studies represent a hopeful progress toward the inclusion of the Venezuelan population among those who will benefit from the implementation of pharmacogenetic principles and tools in drug therapy, there are not yet sufficient data concerning allelic frequencies of genomic biomarkers related to drug response for their implementation in clinical practice. Therefore, there is a critical need for more research in pharmacogenetics in Venezuela to increase data availability.

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Section: Drug-metabolizing Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic biomarkers related to drug response in Venezuelan populations

Chiurillo

2014

Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy

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“…Many directto-consumer genotyping services now provide information on genotype and adverse event risk as well as drug efficacy. Although these may currently be premature and limited in scope and utility, this is a growth area and the adoption of next-generation sequencing technologies will significantly enhance the information available to consumers [79] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface between Pharmacotherapy and Genes in Human Obesity

O’Connor

Swick²

2013

Hum Hered

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Obesity is a polygenic chronic condition, and dysregulation in multiple underlying energy balance processes drives the obese phenotype. Lifestyle changes can be difficult to sustain long term, and anti-obesity drugs can be an advantageous component of a successful weight loss plan. However, due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, there is currently a limited selection of anti-obesity drugs on the market. This, coupled with the notable interindividual variability in efficacy of approved treatments, represents a significant unmet medical need. In this review, we will highlight this variability in weight loss response to these existing anti-obesity compounds and discuss how underpinning genetic variation is associated with weight loss outcomes. Existing research in the field of pharmacogenomics and obesity drugs will be highlighted, as will possibilities for future focus. We will conclude by exploring examples of successful pharmacogenomics studies, and also by asking how pharmacogenomics can be built into the drug development pipeline for the benefit of patients and pharmaceutical companies alike.

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“…Ongoing efforts to mine the massive amounts of human genetic data being collated by independent organizations offer researchers the promising ability to assess mutations and variants in target populations. 10 By comparing phenotypic data from surveys with genotyping results from an ever growing population of individuals, potential genes of interest within oncology, neurology, and immunology have been identified. This in turn could lead to a better understanding of clinical results and further open the door to personalized medicine approaches for the treatment of channelopathies.…”

Section: Human Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%