Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19

Rossato, Marco; Russo, Lucía; Mazzocut, Sara; Vincenzo, Angelo Di; Fioretto, Paola; Vettor, Roberto

doi:10.1183/13993003.01290-2020

Cited by 135 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A potential comorbidity for COVID-19 patients is smoking, and approximately 1.3 billion people smoke globally making smoking a widespread habit that can have signi cant impact on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients (5). Several studies have assessed the effect of smoking on the prognosis of COVID-19 however, the results of these studies are controversial (4,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Many studies suggest that smoking makes individuals more susceptible to COVID-19 and results in higher risk of severe disease and ICU admission (11,(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Radiological Findings in Iranian Smokers and non- Smokers Patients with COVID-19: A Case Control Study

Nikpouraghdam

Bahramifar

Ahmadi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: The current study compared the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings between groups of smokers and non- smokers Iranian patients with COVID-19. Methods: This was a case-control study done on 120 patients with COVID-19 that were admitted to Baqiyatallah hospital, Tehran, Iran during March to May 2020. Our patients were categorized into two groups: smokers (40 patients) and non-smokers (80 age and sex matched controls). Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, imaging manifestations, and outcomes were compared between two age groups. Results: Regarding the comorbidities, no significant difference was observed between the smoker and non-smoker patients. The distribution of COVID-19 symptoms was not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers, except for chest pain and weakness, which were significantly more common in smokers with COVID-19. A significantly lower white blood cell count and neutrophils in peripheral blood sample of smokers however, no difference was found concerning lymphocyte count. Moreover, the RDW of smokers was significantly lower. Regarding the findings on CT scan of COVID-19 patients, no significant difference was found between smoker and non-smoker COVID-19 patients. One (2.5%) of deaths occurred in the smoker and 3 (3.8%) occurred in the non- smoker groups.Conclusion: Current findings showed that the clinical picture of smoker and non-smoker COVID-19 patients does not differ significantly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Radiological Findings in Iranian Smokers and non- Smokers Patients with COVID-19: A Case Control Study

Nikpouraghdam

Bahramifar

Ahmadi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Another risk factor is male sex [21]. Since there is a very high smoking rate in Chinese males compared to females-66.1% vs. 3.2% according to Ma et al [22]-it has been suggested that smoking could be a risk factor for the more severe COVID-19 disease course observed in males [20,23]; however, this topic is controversially discussed [24][25][26]. In our analysis, we therefore removed possible confounding effects of age and sex on the status of receptor mRNA expression by regressing the linear effects of age and sex and testing our hypothesis on model residuals (Table 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in the respiratory tract of healthy individuals, smokers and asthmatics

Matusiak

Schürch

2020

Respir Res

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SARS-CoV-2 is causing a pandemic with currently > 29 million confirmed cases and > 900,000 deaths worldwide. The locations and mechanisms of virus entry into the human respiratory tract are incompletely characterized. We analyzed publicly available RNA microarray datasets for SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors and cofactors ACE2, TMPRSS2, BSG (CD147) and FURIN. We found that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are upregulated in the airways of smokers. In asthmatics, ACE2 tended to be downregulated in nasal epithelium, and TMPRSS2 was upregulated in the bronchi. Furthermore, respiratory epithelia were negative for ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 protein expression while positive for BSG and furin, suggesting a possible alternative entry route for SARS-CoV-2.

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“…This apparently protective effect was stronger for heavy and moderate smokers. Other studies have shown that, once hospitalized, smokers are at higher risk for adverse outcomes [9,12]. We hypothesized for the first time in early April 2020 that the Nicotinic Cholinergic System (NCS) could be involved in the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 and we have recently expanded on this hypothesis [13,14].…”

Section: Cox Et Al Recently Published a Cohort Study Of 828 Millionmentioning

confidence: 98%

COVID-19 and Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway: In silico Identification of an Interaction between α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and the Cryptic Epitopes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins

Lagoumintzis

Chasapis

Alexandris

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that originated in Wuhan in December 2019 and has spread globally. The observation of a low prevalence of smokers among hospitalized COVID-19 patients has led to the development of a hypothesis that nicotine could have protective effects by enhancing the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Based on clinical data and on modelling and docking experiments we have previously presented the potential interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), due to a "toxin-like" epitope on the Spike Glycoprotein, with homology to a sequence of a snake venom toxin. We here present that this epitope coincides with the well-described cryptic epitope for the human antibody CR3022 and with the epitope for the recently described COVA1-16 antibody. Both antibodies are recognizing neighboring epitopes, are not interfering with the ACE2 protein and are not able to inhibit SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study we present the molecular complexes of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins, at their open or closed conformations, with the molecular model of the human α7 nAChR. We found that the interface of all studied protein complexes involves a large part of the "toxin-like" sequences of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoproteins and toxin binding site of human α7 nAChR.

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Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19

Cited by 135 publications

References 5 publications

Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Radiological Findings in Iranian Smokers and non- Smokers Patients with COVID-19: A Case Control Study

Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Radiological Findings in Iranian Smokers and non- Smokers Patients with COVID-19: A Case Control Study

Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in the respiratory tract of healthy individuals, smokers and asthmatics

COVID-19 and Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway: In silico Identification of an Interaction between α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and the Cryptic Epitopes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins

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