Current situation of viral hepatitis in Egypt

Elbahrawy, Ashraf; Ibrahim, Marwa K.; Eliwa, Ahmed; Alboraie, Mohamed; Madian, Ali; Aly, Hussein Hassan

doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12916

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…In highly endemic countries, almost all children develop HAV infection at an early age but acquire lifelong immunity. 16 In Egypt, viral hepatitis is recognized as one of the biggest public health challenges, with eight to 10 million persons or 10% of the population living with these diseases (WHO). Major causes of viral hepatitis in Egypt are hepatitis E virus (HEV) and hepatitis A virus.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hepatitis Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of some wild egyptian medicinal plants on HAV

Taia

Zayed

2021

Asian J Med Sci

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Background: Folk Egyptian medicine considered from the most important source of the use of wild plants in medication. Wild plants are considered a perfect source of natural compounds that have been used as antimicrobial andante virus activities. Aims and Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the commonly used wild plants in the treatment of jaundice and they effect on HAV. This article provides much-needed insight into the effect of wild plants on the hepatitis A virus to shed more light on the important subject, which is unfortunately poorly investigated. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, the aqueous plant extracts of twenty-five wild Egyptian species, 16 perennials, and 9 annuals; three concentrations, 1%, 3% & 5%; were tested for HAV replication by using PA and PCR techniques. Questionnaires and interviews with Bedouins have been carried to know the most used species in the treatment of jaundice, and the usage values were calculated. Those species were collected from their habitats, rare ones purchased and reviewed their identifications and used in this work. Fecal and blood samples were taken from 9-10Y old patients, 35 girls and 25 boys. Results: The PA test revealed that 16 species out of twenty-five gave positive results, while the rest of the species gave negative results on Vero cells. Twelve of the sixteen species were perennial species, and the rest are annuals. The Plaque assay results showed that the most effective aqueous extract species, with the three concentrations, on HAV activity were those of Salvia verbennaca, Mentha microphylla, Ocimum basilicum, Cassia senna, Solenostemma argel, and Thymus capitatus, respectively. PCR test has been carried for the first three species and gave very faint nucleic acid tapes, which means that the plant extract of these species, the three concentrations, minimize the virus activity by a way or another. Samples from the patients tested for the antibodies for IgM and IgG using the ELISA test. Within both the females (58%) and males (42%), 6% have positive antibodies for IgM, while 36% in females and 34% in males’ have positive antibodies for IgG and 8% females and 10% males have both antibodies (IgM & IgG). Conclusion: Wild plants, especially those with essential oils can tolerate the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) activity and reduce its symptoms.

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Section: Prevalence Of Hepatitis Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of some wild egyptian medicinal plants on HAV

Taia

Zayed

2021

Asian J Med Sci

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“…Moreover, more than 60% of the Egyptian population are anti‐HEV positive in the first ten years of life. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) are the most significant causes for chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt ( Elbahrawy et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics in Egypt: Current Status and Future Aspects

et al. 2022

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Egypt is the third most densely inhabited African country. Due to the economic burden and healthcare costs of overpopulation, genomic and genetic testing is a huge challenge. However, in the era of precision medicine, Egypt is taking a shift in approach from “one-size-fits all” to more personalized healthcare via advancing the practice of medical genetics and genomics across the country. This shift necessitates concrete knowledge of the Egyptian genome and related diseases to direct effective preventive, diagnostic and counseling services of prevalent genetic diseases in Egypt. Understanding disease molecular mechanisms will enhance the capacity for personalized interventions. From this perspective, we highlight research efforts and available services for rare genetic diseases, communicable diseases including the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID19), and cancer. The current state of genetic services in Egypt including availability and access to genetic services is described. Drivers for applying genomics in Egypt are illustrated with a SWOT analysis of the current genetic/genomic services. Barriers to genetic service development in Egypt, whether economic, geographic, cultural or educational are discussed as well. The sensitive topic of communicating genomic results and its ethical considerations is also tackled. To understand disease pathogenesis, much can be gained through the advancement and integration of genomic technologies via clinical applications and research efforts in Egypt. Three main pillars of multidisciplinary collaboration for advancing genomics in Egypt are envisaged: resources, infrastructure and training. Finally, we highlight the recent national plan to establish a genome center that will aim to prepare a map of the Egyptian human genome to discover and accurately determine the genetic characteristics of various diseases. The Reference Genome Project for Egyptians and Ancient Egyptians will initialize a new genomics era in Egypt. We propose a multidisciplinary governance system in Egypt to support genomic medicine research efforts and integrate into the healthcare system whilst ensuring ethical conduct of data.

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“…An inactivated vaccine and a live attenuated HAV vaccine are currently available [10]. Despite the development of effective vaccines, hepatitis A remains the leading disease of foodmediated viral infection, resulting in significant economic losses and health problems worldwide [11][12][13]. Recently, epidemiological changes in HAV infection had been observed in the Unites States [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heme Oxygenase-1 Exerts Antiviral Activity against Hepatitis A Virus In Vitro

Kim

Ahn

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative pathogen of hepatitis A, induces severe acute liver injuries in humans and is a serious public health concern worldwide. However, appropriate therapeutics have not yet been developed. The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts antiviral activities in cells infected with several viruses including hepatitis B and C viruses. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the suppression of virus replication by HO-1 in cells infected with HAV. Hemin (HO-1 inducer) induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, as expected, and below 50 mM, dose-dependently reduced the viral RNA and proteins in the HAV-infected cells without cytotoxicity. Additionally, HO-1 protein overexpression using a protein expression vector suppressed HAV replication. Although ZnPP-9, an HO-1 inhibitor, did not affect HAV replication, it significantly inhibited hemin-induced antiviral activity in HAV-infected cells. Additionally, FeCl3, CORM-3, biliverdin, and the HO-1 inducers andrographolide and CoPP inhibited HAV replication in the HAV-infected cells; andrographolide and CoPP exhibited a dose-dependent effect. In conclusion, these results suggest that HO-1 effectively suppresses HAV infection in vitro, and its enzymatic products appear to exert antiviral activity. We expect that these results could contribute to the development of a new antiviral drug for HAV.

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Current situation of viral hepatitis in Egypt

Cited by 46 publications

References 214 publications

Effect of some wild egyptian medicinal plants on HAV

Effect of some wild egyptian medicinal plants on HAV

Genomics in Egypt: Current Status and Future Aspects

Heme Oxygenase-1 Exerts Antiviral Activity against Hepatitis A Virus In Vitro

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