Current situation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in PM2.5 in a receptor site in Mexico City and estimation of carcinogenic PAH by combining non-real-time and real-time measurement techniques

Yang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of important organic pollutants widely emitted from anthropogenic activities, with a general distribution in the gas and particulate phases. Some PAHs are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. Inhalation exposure to PAHs is correlated with adverse health outcomes in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Thus, it is significant to determine the exposure level of the general population. This study summarizes the evaluation methods for PAH exposure, focusing on different exposure parameters. External exposure can be determined via the collection of the environmental pollution concentration through active samplers or passive samplers during environmental monitoring or personal sampling. Time-activity patterns give critical exposure information that captures the exposure period, origin, and behaviors. Modeling is a labor-less approach for human exposure estimation, and microenvironmental exposure requires specific research. It is important to select appropriate methods to quantify the exposure level to provide accurate data to establish the exposure–risk relationship and make scientific suggestions for the protection of public health.

Section: Exposure Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Approaches of Human Inhalation Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Review

Yang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

“…As indicated in Table 6, Auckland (New Zealand) attained the lowest annual average concentration of outdoor PM-bound PAHs (0.31 ± 0.19 ng/m 3 ) [108] among all the cities/ countries. Cities in the Americas also attained relatively low overall average concentrations levels of outdoor PM-bound PAHs, which ranged from 0.84 to 10.2 ng/m 3 [67,[109][110][111][112][113]. In Europe, the observations in A Coruña (Spain) (7.56 ng/m 3 ) [114] exhibited a lower annual average concentration than that in cities in southern Spain (26.2 ng/m 3 ) [115].…”

Section: Outdoor Concentrations Of Pm-bound Pahsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…According to Li et al [66] real-time observation of PM can offer a high temporal resolution, but low specificity of chemical characterization. Amador-Muñoz et al [67] performed real-time PAHs sampling in parallel to non-real-time PM sampling. The non-real time concentrations of PAHs in PM were all lower than the results from real-time PAHs sampling, possibly because PAH derivatives and heterocyclic species were also detected as PAHs when using the real-time method, and the PAHs concentration in the atmosphere is overestimated [67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amador-Muñoz et al [67] performed real-time PAHs sampling in parallel to non-real-time PM sampling. The non-real time concentrations of PAHs in PM were all lower than the results from real-time PAHs sampling, possibly because PAH derivatives and heterocyclic species were also detected as PAHs when using the real-time method, and the PAHs concentration in the atmosphere is overestimated [67]. On the other hand, the techniques with high temporal resolution and high specificity for the chemicals in PM are very expensive for routine air quality monitoring [68].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Yang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Particulate matter (PM) is a major factor contributing to air quality deterioration that enters the atmosphere as a consequence of various natural and anthropogenic activities. In PM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of organic chemicals with at least two aromatic rings that are mainly directly emitted via the incomplete combustion of various organic materials. Numerous toxicological and epidemiological studies have proven adverse links between exposure to particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs and human health due to their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Among human exposure routes, inhalation is the main pathway regarding PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere. Moreover, the concentrations of PM-bound PAHs differ among people, microenvironments and areas. Hence, understanding the behaviour of PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere is crucial. However, because current techniques hardly monitor PAHs in real-time, timely feedback on PAHs including the characteristics of their concentration and composition, is not obtained via real-time analysis methods. Therefore, in this review, we summarize personal exposure, and indoor and outdoor PM-bound PAH concentrations for different participants, spaces, and cities worldwide in recent years. The main aims are to clarify the characteristics of PM-bound PAHs under different exposure conditions, in addition to the health effects and assessment methods of PAHs.

“…Limit of detection (LOD) for all PAHs was 0. 01 µg/g, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was between 0.01 and 0.02 µg/g, the recovery was between 82 (Naphthalene) and 102% (Benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and the coefficient of variation ranged between 4 (Naphthalene) and 18% (Phenanthrene) (Ponce-Vélez 2012;Amador-Muñoz et al 2020).…”

Section: Collection and Analysis Of Sediments And Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and organisms from Tampamachoco coastal lagoon and Tuxpan River, Veracruz; México.

Botello

Ponce-Vélez

Villanueva

2021

Preprint

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties and their main origin in the environment is the burning of fossil fuels and organic material and they are considered high priority Persistent Organic Compounds (POPs). In the present study (March and August 2018) the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs were analyzed in sediments and organisms (fish and oysters) in the estuarine-lagoon system Tuxpan-Tampamachoco, Veracruz; Mexico.The analysis of these compounds was carried out by means of gas chromatography-FID and mass spectrometry. In March (dry season) the average concentration of PAHs in sediments was 0.86 ± 0.39 μg/g and in August (rainy season) it was 1.14 ± 0.45 μg/g. During both collections, chrysene presented the highest total concentrations and a domain of the compounds with 4 benzene rings was observed, therefore, pyrolytic sources of contribution predominated. The highest concentrations of PAHs occurred in 2 stations located in the Tuxpan riverbed and both exceeded the threshold concentration to cause adverse effects to the benthic community.The analysis of PAHs in organism tissues was carried out in 4 species of fish and one mollusk. In march, the species with the highest concentration was Bagre marinus with 88.87 μg/g and in august it corresponded to the Caranx hippos species with 26.82 μg/g and the compound determined with the highest presence was benzo(b)fluoranthene.Finally, the tendency of accumulation of PAHs in the evaluated matrices was: fish> sediments> mollusks.