Current Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Parameters of Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent and Suitability for Irrigation

Abstract

The study aims to investigate the current extent of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in the effluent of the Jaganpur sewage treatment plant (STP), Dayalbagh, Agra India. Majority of the nearby farmers have access to use of STP effluent in irrigation purposes for growing major edible crops. The problems of using STP effluent for irrigation purpose, continuous water quality analysis required. To check the quality of irrigation water, substantial physicochemical parameters accordance to Indian Standards (IS-Reaffirmed 2002/2003) analysed to calculate Sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and Residual sodium carbonate (RSC). To estimate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and metal quality index (MQI), toxic Heavy metals such as As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Co, and B also determined in the STP effluent with an AAS and results verified with ICP-OES against certified standards. The high value of SAR (range 13 to 20) and RSC (range −10 to 11) in STP effluent exceeded the permissible limit for irrigation purpose. On the other hand, HPI and MQI values (1692.4 and 58.1, respectively) show that high metal contamination mainly due to industrial and domestic wastewater does not treat appropriately in the sewage treatment plant. Thus it is suggested that further studies are carried out on the STP effluents to improve the water quality through proper treatment. Treated wastewater used for irrigation purposes needs to analyse the contamination like heavy metals and pinpoint the pollution sources.

Determination of the Toxicological Risk of Urban Waste from the City of Uvira Dumped into the North-Western Coast in Lake Tanganyika (Democratic Republic of Congo)

“…These values are higher than those reported in literature [22], for which Cu < 0.006 ppm; Pb is 0.007 and Zn < 0.00. In addition, our results are lower than the results [35] whose metal concentrations are slightly higher than the effluents of the wastewater treatment plants of Jaganpur and are respectively Pb, 1480 ppb; Zn, 1159 ppb; Cd, 119 ppb; Co, 163 ppb and Cr 123 ppb whereby it was also observed that the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cd were below the detection limit. The values in Table 4 describe the interaction, during 4 days, between the fish and its polluted environment in the aquariums.…”

Downstream Effects of Industrial Effluents Discharge on Some Physicochemical Parameters and Water Quality Index of River Rido, Kaduna State, Nigeria

“…Wastes entering these water bodies are usually in both solid and liquid forms and contain elevated amounts of both inorganic and organic chemicals and their byproducts, which are often disposed of in unlined channels and streams. As a result, water bodies, which are major receptacles of treated and untreated or partially treated industrial waste, have become highly polluted [12].…”