Current Review of in Vivo GBM Rodent Models: Emphasis on the CNS-1 Tumour Model

Abstract

GBM (glioblastoma multiforme) is a highly aggressive brain tumour with very poor prognosis despite multi-modalities of treatment. Furthermore, recent failure of targeted therapy for these tumours highlights the need of appropriate rodent models for preclinical studies. In this review, we highlight the most commonly used rodent models (U251, U86, GL261, C6, 9L and CNS-1) with a focus on the pathological and genetic similarities to the human disease. We end with a comprehensive review of the CNS-1 rodent model.

Microvascular MRI and Unsupervised Clustering Yields Histology-Resembling Images in Two Rat Models of Glioma

“…37 The combination of a spatial selection and an unsupervised clustering approach yields statistically characterized data on the tumor, including its infiltrative part (Supplementary Figure S2).…”

Stereotactic Intracranial Implantation and <em>In vivo </em>Bioluminescent Imaging of Tumor Xenografts in a Mouse Model System of Glioblastoma Multiforme

“…The method of stereotactic implantation of cancer cells in mice described in this paper reproducibly generates tumors that reasonably recapitulate the infiltrative and rapid-growth pattern of clinical glioblastoma multiforme 2,[6][7][8] . This technique is especially well-suited to experiments stratifying mice evenly to different treatment groups where reproducible tumors of comparable size and biological properties and in specific anatomic locations are desirable.…”

“…The development of more effective treatment strategies would be aided by animal models of GBM that recapitulate human disease yet allow serial imaging to monitor tumor growth and treatment response. In this paper, we describe our technique for the precise stereotactic implantation of bio-imageable GBM cancer cells into the brains of nude mice resulting in tumor xenografts that recapitulate key clinical features of GBM 2 . This method yields tumors that are reproducible and are located in precise anatomic locations while allowing in vivo bioluminescent imaging to serially monitor intracranial xenograft growth and response to treatments [3][4][5] .…”

Early Differentiating Mouse Astroglial Progenitors Share Common Protein Signatures with GL261 Glioma Cells

“…It is also described that the levels of MMP-2 and -9 are significantly elevated in several malignant tumors [95] , and particularly present in glioma specimens, contributing for the progression, invasion and worst prognosis of these tumors [95] . However, although GL261 cells expressed active MMP, we were expecting greater expression levels due to the characteristic invasive phenotype of the GL261 cell line [34,35] . Consequently, the MMP levels of glioma cells were comparable to the majority of the developmental stages, making it difficult to specify a comparable phenotype.…”

“…This cell line is representative of a carcinogen-induced mouse syngeneic glioma model, which carries point mutations in the K-ras and p53 genes [33] and exhibit, as other glioma cell lines, populations of cells that have characteristics of cancer stem cells, such as the CD133+ cells [34] . Furthermore, these cells present growth and invasive features similar to the high grade astrocytoma, the human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), thus representing an important tool to study the biology of this type of human cancer, as well as for preclinical and translational research [34,35] . GL261 cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 11 mM sodium bicarbonate, 38.9 mM glucose, 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Biochrom), at 37ºC in a 5% CO 2 conditioned atmosphere, during 5 DIV.…”