Current Progress of Platelet-Rich Derivatives in Cartilage and Joint Repairs

Abstract

In recent years, several types of platelet concentrates have been investigated and applied in many fields, particularly in the musculoskeletal system. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous biomaterial, a second-generation platelet concentrate containing platelets and growth factors in the form of fibrin membranes prepared from the blood of patients without additives. During tissue regeneration, platelet concentrates contain a higher percentage of leukocytes and a flexible fibrin net as a scaffold to improve cell migration in angiogenic, osteogenic, and antibacterial capacities during tissue regeneration. PRF enables the release of molecules over a longer period, which promotes tissue healing and regeneration. The potential of PRF to simulate the physiology and immunology of wound healing is also due to the high concentrations of released growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate vessel formation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. These products have been used safely in clinical applications because of their autologous origin and minimally invasive nature. We focused on a narrative review of PRF therapy and its effects on musculoskeletal, oral, and maxillofacial surgeries and dermatology. We explored the components leading to the biological activity and the published preclinical and clinical research that supports its application in musculoskeletal therapy. The research generally supports the use of PRF as an adjuvant for various chronic muscle, cartilage, and tendon injuries. Further clinical trials are needed to prove the benefits of utilizing the potential of PRF.

Efficacy of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (I-PRF) in Managing Temporomandibular Joint Pain: A Prospective Clinical Study

“…The mechanisms underlying these functional improvements may be multifactorial. PRF's role in tissue regeneration and repair could enhance the structural integrity of the TMJ, leading to improved joint movement and function [ 18 , 19 ]. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of PRF may contribute to reduced joint swelling and improved jaw mobility.…”

Clinical observation of ultraviolet therapy combined with autologous platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment of chronic refractory wounds

“…The concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin‐like growth factor (IGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the wounds of all the patients were measured using ELISA. The specific determination methods are as follows 20 …”

Platelet Concentrates Preconditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Combined Therapies: Integrating Regenerative Strategies for Enhanced Clinical Applications

“…In the past few decades, various forms of platelet concentrates (PCs) have been progressively developed and applied 1 . Derived from blood, PCs, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have found widespread use in orthopedics 2 , dentistry 3 , and other medical fields, demonstrating immense potential in regenerative medicine 4 .…”