Current progress in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction to fuels on heterogeneous catalysts

Abstract

As a promising and important carbon source, utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) can effectively solve the energy crisis caused by fossil resource consumption and the environmental problems arising from the emission of CO2.

Influence of TiO 2 /TiC composite materials with different crystal structures on the electrochemical properties as sulfur‐loaded matrix for lithium‐sulfur batteries

“…Carbon, metal compound and conductive polymer material are the most commonly matrix material owing to ideal conductivity, pore structure and sulfur adsorption strength. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Among these, TiO 2 is regarded as an ideal sulfur-loaded matrix material and is believed that TiO 2 /S composite electrode can effectively inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides as a result of the strong adsorption between Ti-O structure and sulfur, thus improving sulfur utilization and cycle life for lithium-sulfur batteries. As known to all, TiO 2 has a variety of microstructures, including rutile and anatase.…”

Enabling storage and utilization of low-carbon electricity: power to formic acid

“…Electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (eCO2RR) using renewable energy offers a direct pathway for power-to-formic acid where CO2 is utilized as a storage medium as well as a feedstock for valuable fuels/chemicals and has previously been discussed in various perspectives, review articles and book chapters. [162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171] Electrocatalysis has several advantages: 1) the process can be controlled by adjusting the potentials and reaction temperatures, 2) the electrolytes can be recycled in many cases, 3) the set-up is modular, compact, and easy to scale up, 4) the reaction may be conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and 5) direct use of renewable and/or low-carbon electricity is applicable. eCO2RR is, in general, considered to involve three main steps: 1) CO2 activation by chemical adsorption of CO2 on the surface of a catalyst, 2) electron (e -) and proton (H + ) transfer to break C-O bonds and/or form C-H bonds, and 3) rearrangement of product(s) followed by desorption from the electrode surface and diffusion into electrolyte.…”

“…These values were calculated according to the standard Gibbs energies of the reactants in the reactions. 165,168,179,180 Half-cell thermodynamic reactions E 0 (V vs. SHE) CO2(g) + e -→ CO2 -• -1.900 a CO2(g) + 2e -+ 2H + → HCOOH(l) -0.250 CO2(g) + 2e -+ H2O(l) → HCOO -(aq) + OH --1.078 CO2(g) + 2e -+ 2H + → CO(g) + H2O(l) -0.106 CO2(g) + 2e -+ H2O(l) → CO(g) + 2OH --0.934 CO2(g) + 4e -+ 4H + → CH2O(l) + H2O(l) -0.070 CO2(g) + 6e -+ 6H + → CH3OH(l) + H2O(l) 0.016 CO2(g) + 8e -+ 8H + → CH4(g) + H2O(l) 0.169 CO2(g) + 2e -+ 2H + → H2C2O4(aq) -0.500 CO2(g) + 2e -→ C2O4 2-(aq)…”

Cobalt‐based metal organic framework ( Co‐MOFs )/graphene oxide composites as high‐performance anode active materials for lithium‐ion batteries

“…However, the increasing performance of EVs has promoted the continuous improvement of the electrochemical properties of lithium‐ion batteries. Normally, cathode materials generally determine the capacity and anode material determine the cycle life for lithium‐ion batteries 8‐11 . Therefore, excellent anode material requires high specific capacity and cyclic stability.…”

“…Normally, cathode materials generally determine the capacity and anode material determine the cycle life for lithium-ion batteries. [8][9][10][11] Therefore, excellent anode material requires high specific capacity and cyclic stability. At present, ideal anode materials mainly include carbon, metal alloys and compounds.…”