Current Progress, Applications and Challenges of Multi-Omics Approaches in Sesame Genetic Improvement

Abstract

Sesame is one of the important traditional oil crops in the world, and has high economic and nutritional value. Recently, due to the novel high throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatical methods, the study of the genomics, methylomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics of sesame has developed rapidly. Thus far, the genomes of five sesame accessions have been released, including white and black seed sesame. The genome studies reveal the function and structure of the sesame genome, and facilitate the exploitation of molecular markers, the construction of genetic maps and the study of pan-genomes. Methylomics focus on the study of the molecular level changes under different environmental conditions. Transcriptomics provide a powerful tool to study abiotic/biotic stress, organ development, and noncoding RNAs, and proteomics and metabonomics also provide some support in studying abiotic stress and important traits. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of multi-omics in sesame genetics breeding were also described. This review summarizes the current research status of sesame from the perspectives of multi-omics and hopes to provide help for further in-depth research on sesame.

Exploring the crop epigenome: a comparison of DNA methylation profiling techniques

“…RRBS with optimized endonuclease combinations is used to explore the impact of DNA methylation on rice responses to salt stress ( Schmidt et al., 2017 ), and on the regulation of TEs in maize ( Hsu et al., 2018 ). RRBS has been also applied for identifying markers that aid in the breeding and improvement of crops ( Malinowska et al., 2020 ; Li et al., 2023 ). By detecting methylation patterns associated with specific agricultural traits, such as disease resistance or yield potential, valuable information for the development of new crop varieties that are more resilient to pests and diseases has been provided ( Turcotte et al., 2022 ).…”

Harnessing Knowledge from Plant Functional Genomics and Multi-Omics for Genetic Improvement

“…Zhang et al explored the potential regulatory mechanisms of lignocellulose biosynthesis in B. napus , providing a new clue for breeding B. napus with lodging resistance in the future [ 48 ]. Li et al reviewed the latest progress in the field of “omics” in sesame and summarized the research progress from the perspective of genome, methylome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome [ 49 ].…”

Assessing Changes in Climatic Suitability for Sesame Cultivation in China (1978–2019) Based on Fuzzy Mathematics

“…Sesame is one of the important traditional oil crops in the world [1], and is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to its high economic and nutritional value, it provides part of the daily allowance for essential fatty acids for almost half of the world's population [2].…”

“…The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the climate suitability of sesame cultivation in China using a fuzzy mathematics method during two time periods. The specific objectives of this study were to (1) analyze the distribution changes in meteorological resources in the sesame-growing seasons from 1978 to 1998 and from 1999 to 2019; (2) construct the temperature, precipitation, sunshine, and comprehensive climatic suitability model using fuzzy mathematical methods; and (3) quantitatively evaluate the spatial distribution of temperature, precipitation, sunshine, and comprehensive climatic suitability for sesame in the main sesame-producing areas of China.…”