Current practice relating to equine castration in the UK

Price, J.; Eager, Rachel; Welsh, Elizabeth; Waran, Natalie

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.09.009

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Castration, for example, although scored between 4 and 7 by 61% of respondents, was also classed as low as 1 and as high as 10 by about 20% of respondents in each case, a marked variation in the degree of pain ascribed. This variability within the data derived from New Zealand, with castration more markedly dispersed between the range of pain scores compared with the other procedures/treatments, refl ects speculation in the veterinary literature in the UK (Green 2001;Price et al 2005) that there was a lack of professional agreement amongst veterinarians about whether castration was a painful procedure warranting the provision of analgesia. It is of interest that, in this survey, those respondents who performed castrations most frequently were least likely to use analgesia for this procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The questionnaire was adapted from a survey questionnaire previously used to collect similar data in the UK (Price et al 2002(Price et al , 2005, and was tailored to New Zealand conditions through consultation with the then President of the Equine Branch of the NZVA. The questionnaire was designed to be completed within 15 minutes, and was sent out in November 2005.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although those letters were obviously not peer-reviewed, it was clear from the correspondence cited, and others, that there were a number of differing opinions. Later, results from two surveys conducted in the UK on attitudes to pain (Price et al 2002) and current analgesic practice for castration of equids (Price et al 2005) demonstrated that there was still professional disagreement about whether castration was a painful procedure for horses, with little conformity in recognition and treatment of pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recognition of pain and use of analgesia in horses by veterinarians in New Zealand

Waran¹,

Williams²,

Clarke

et al. 2010

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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AIM:To explore attitudes towards and use of analgesia in horses by veterinarians in New Zealand. METHODS:A postal questionnaire was sent out to 457 veterinarians identifi ed as working with horses in New Zealand. Questions covered demographics and practice data; analgesic drugs available for use and used in practice; analgesic management of specifi c conditions including assessment of pain, drugs used, and frequency of cases; factors infl uencing the choice and use of analgesic agents; and attitudes and personal experience. RESULTS:Ninety-seven questionnaires containing useable data were received, a response rate of 23%. Respondents' demographics corresponded with those of the veterinary population at the time. Phenylbutazone, fl unixin, xylazine, ketamine, butorphanol, dexamethasone and lignocaine were the drugs most commonly used. Respondents allocated pain scores with a range of at least eight points (on a scale of 1 to 10) between lower and upper scores for 13/17 conditions and procedures presented. Respondents identifi ed analgesic potency and anti-infl ammatory effect as the most important factors in their choice of drug. Sixty-three percent and 59% of respondents considered their knowledge of recognition of pain and analgesia, respectively, to be adequate. CONCLUSIONS:The results of the survey indicate that analgesia was widely used for horses amongst responding veterinarians. However, there were a number of areas where there appeared to be a lack of consensus amongst respondents in their management of pain in horses, and these included assessment of pain, administration of analgesics, and, indeed, what constitutes analgesia.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: While analgesia of horses is widely practised in New Zealand, it would appear that a lack of consistency amongst veterinarians could indicate less than optimal pain relief in some cases and for some procedures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recognition of pain and use of analgesia in horses by veterinarians in New Zealand

Waran¹,

Williams²,

Clarke

et al. 2010

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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“…In a survey 19 of 282 equine veterinarians in the United Kingdom, 76% of respondents who performed castrations of horses with anesthesia in the field used a combination of α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists and ketamine to induce and maintain anesthesia. Similar results were obtained from a survey of Canadian veterinarians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 A survey of 282 equine veterinarians in the United Kingdom revealed that 45.4% of veterinarians do not administer supplemental analgesics after castration, 17.7% administer analgesics only occasionally, and 36.9% administer analgesics routinely. 19 Survey respondents who were 40 years of age or older were almost 3 times as likely to provide no analgesia after castration as were respondents 30 years old or younger. 20 Direct measurement of a subjective experience such as pain is not possible in nonverbal species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and phenylbutazone administered alone and in combination in young horses undergoing routine castration

Sanz¹,

Sellon²,

Cary³

et al. 2009

javma

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Objective-To compare the analgesic efficacy of administration of butorphanol tartrate, phenylbutazone, or both drugs in combination in colts undergoing routine castration. Design-Randomized controlled clinical trial. Animals-36 client-owned colts. Procedures-Horses received treatment with butorphanol alone (0.05 mg/kg [0.023 mg/ lb], IM, prior to surgery and then q 4 h for 24 hours), phenylbutazone alone (4.4 mg/kg [2.0 mg/lb], IV, prior to surgery and then 2.2 mg/kg [1.0 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h for 3 days), or butorphanol and phenylbutazone at the aforementioned dosages (12 horses/group). For single-drug-treated horses, appropriate placebos were administered to balance treatment protocols among groups. All horses were anesthetized, and lidocaine hydrochloride was injected into each testis. Physical and physiological variables, plasma cortisol concentration, body weight, and water consumption were assessed before and at intervals after surgery, and induction of and recovery from anesthesia were subjectively characterized. Observers assessed signs of pain by use of a visual analogue scale and a numerical rating scale. Results-Significant changes in gastrointestinal sounds, fecal output, and plasma cortisol concentrations were evident in each treatment group over time, compared with preoperative values. At any time point, assessed variables and signs of pain did not differ significantly among groups, although the duration of recumbency after surgery was longest for the butorphanol-phenylbutazone-treated horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-With intratesticular injections of lidocaine, administration of butorphanol to anesthetized young horses undergoing routine castration had the same apparent analgesic effect as phenylbutazone treatment. Combined butorphanolphenylbutazone treatment was not apparently superior to either drug used alone. (J Am Vet

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Recognition and Assessment of Pain in Horses

Love¹

2013

Pain Management in Veterinary Practice

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Current practice relating to equine castration in the UK

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Recognition of pain and use of analgesia in horses by veterinarians in New Zealand

Recognition of pain and use of analgesia in horses by veterinarians in New Zealand

Analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and phenylbutazone administered alone and in combination in young horses undergoing routine castration

Recognition and Assessment of Pain in Horses

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