Current Practice in Untargeted Human Milk Metabolomics

Ten-Doménech, Isabel; Ramos-Garcia, Victoria; Piñeiro-Ramos, José David; Gormáz, María; Parra-Llorca, Anna; Vento, Máximo; Kuligowski, Julia; Quintás, Guillermo

doi:10.3390/metabo10020043

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(258 reference statements)

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“…In this pilot study, to maximize the homogeneity of subjects ( 23 ), human milk samples were collected 1 month postpartum from 10 randomly-selected healthy women (age 29.8 ± 4.8, pre-pregnancy BMI 25.0 ± 2.9) in Cape Town, South Africa, who gave birth to term infants (50% male) through vaginal delivery, and practiced exclusive breastfeeding prior to sample collection. The exclusion criteria included antibiotic or probiotic treatment during the last trimester of pregnancy, and the breastfeeding period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Milk Metabolome of Non-secretor and Lewis Negative Mothers

et al. 2021

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Introduction: The functional role of milk for the developing neonate is an area of great interest, and a significant amount of research has been done. However, a lot of work remains to fully understand the complexities of milk, and the variations imposed through genetics. It has previously been shown that both secretor (Se) and Lewis blood type (Le) status impacts the human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) content of human milk. While some studies have compared the non-HMO milk metabolome of Se+ and Se− women, none have reported on the non-HMO milk metabolome of Se− and Le– mothers.Method and Results: To determine the differences in the non-HMO milk metabolome between Se–Le– mothers and other HMO phenotypes (Se+Le+, Se+Le–, and Se–Le+), 10 milk samples from 10 lactating mothers were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Se or Le HMO phenotypes were assigned based on the presence and absence of 6 HMOs generated by the Se and Le genes. After classification, 58 milk metabolites were compared among the HMO phenotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified clear separation between Se–Le– milk and the other milks. Fold change analysis demonstrated that the Se–Le– milk had major differences in free fatty acids, free amino acids, and metabolites related to energy metabolism.Conclusion: The results of this brief research report suggest that the milk metabolome of mothers with the Se–Le– phenotype differs in its non-HMO metabolite composition from mothers with other HMO phenotypes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Milk Metabolome of Non-secretor and Lewis Negative Mothers

et al. 2021

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“…Storage conditions of a mother's own milk for gavage feeding of preterm infants are also involved. So far, studies have focused on the impact of storage temperatures and durations on bacterial contamination, immunological components, nutritional quality, reviewed in [20], or metabolite contents and stability [21], and they have been considered for the development of guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants [22]. Additionally, pasteurization of HDM was shown to affect bioactive peptide release [23] and further related studies are ongoing [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Storage Conditions on the Breast Milk Peptidome

et al. 2020

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Human donor milk (HDM) provides appropriate nutrition and offers protective functions in preterm infants. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of different storage conditions on the stability of the human breast milk peptidome. HDM was directly frozen at −80 °C or stored at −20 °C (120 h), 4 °C (6 h), or room temperature (RT for 6 or 24 h). The milk peptidome was profiled by mass spectrometry after peptide collection by ultrafiltration. Profiling of the peptidome covered 3587 peptides corresponding to 212 proteins. The variance of the peptidome increased with storage temperature and time and varied for different peptides. The highest impact was observed when samples were stored at RT. Smaller but significant effects were still observed in samples stored at 4 °C, while samples showed highest similarity to those immediately frozen at −80 °C when stored at −20 °C. Peptide structures after storage at RT for 24 h point to the increased activity of thrombin and other proteases cleaving proteins at lysine/arginine. The results point to an ongoing protein degradation/peptide production by milk-derived proteases. They underline the need for immediate freezing of HDM at −20 °C or −80 °C to prevent degradation of peptides and enable reproducible investigation of prospectively collected samples.

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“…2015; Domenech et al . 2020). Metabolomic studies establish the biochemical variability of HBM metabolites affected by mothers’ diet, phenotype, disease and lifestyle (Dessi et al .…”

Section: Application Of Metabolomics In Milk and Milk Products Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from proteins and immunoglobulins, HBM contains amino acids, oligosaccharides, simple sugars and different intermediate components of the energy metabolic pathway (Demmelmair and Koletzko 2017). The intermolecular and intramolecular variability of HBM makes its composition eccentric and yet to be well-characterised (Marincola et al 2015;Domenech et al 2020). Metabolomic studies establish the biochemical variability of HBM metabolites affected by mothers' diet, phenotype, disease and lifestyle (Dessi et al (2018).…”

Section: Metabolomics In Analysing Human Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%